ASTM E709-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The magnetic particle method of nondestructive testing indicates the presence of surface and near-surface discontinuities in materials that can be magnetized (ferromagnetic). This method can be used for production examination of parts/components or structures and for field applications where portability of equipment and accessibility to the area to be examined are factors. The ability of the method to find small discontinuities can be enhanced by using fluorescent particles suspended in a suitable vehicle and by introducing a magnetic field of the proper strength whose orientation is as close as possible to 90° to the direction of the suspected discontinuity (see 4.3.2). A smoother surface or a pulsed current improves mobility of the magnetic particles under the influence of the magnetic field to collect on the surface where magnetic flux leakage occurs.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle testing, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair is not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Specification E543 is used to perform the examination, the nondestructive testing agency should meet the requirements of Specification E543.
1.7 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 Warning—...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E709 − 21
Standard Guide for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* andorientationofindicationsthatareunacceptableinaspecific
2
part versus those which need not be removed before part
1.1 This guide covers techniques for both dry and wet
acceptance.Conditionswherereworkorrepairisnotpermitted
magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detect-
should be specified.
ing cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in
ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic
applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms,
particle method techniques.
castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
maintenance testing.
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7),
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the
and
preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and tech-
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
niques.
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing exami-
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as
nations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and
follows:
certifiedinaccordancewithASNTRecommendedPracticeNo.
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle
SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS410, or as
testing, procedures recommended or required by individual
specified in the contract or purchase order.
organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability
and completeness.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and person-
testing agency as described in Specification E543 is used to
nel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
perform the examination, the nondestructive testing agency
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with
should meet the requirements of Specification E543.
the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes
1.7 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are
information only and are not considered standard.
many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique,
the explicit requirements should be covered by a written
1.8 Warning—Mercuryhasbeendesignatedbymanyregu-
procedure (see Section 21).
latory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify accep-
to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
tance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques.
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury contain-
It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
ing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet
been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then
(SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that
evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code,
selling mercury or mercury containing products, or both, into
specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
your state or country may be prohibited by law.
location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration,
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E709–15. DOI: 10.1520/
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
E0709-21.
2
dance
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E709 − 15 E709 − 21
Standard Guide for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This guide covers techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detecting cracks and
other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material,
semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack
thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle testing, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations,
can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic
particle testing techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely
varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit
requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should
be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For
this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of
alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which
need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair is not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7), and
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015June 1, 2021. Published June 2015July 2021. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
E709 - 14.E709 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/E0709-15.10.1520/E0709-21.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Guide SE-709 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E709 − 21
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and certified
in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in
the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in PracticeSpecification E543 is used to
perform the examination, the nondestructive testing agency should meet the requirements of PracticeSpecification E543.
1.7 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 Warning: Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
be taken when handling mercury and mercury contai
...
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