ASTM C357-07

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Granular refractory materials may be either refractory grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, characterizing the properties of a granular refractory material is essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and in determining suitability for end use. One of the important properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end product quality, usage, and performance.
The refractories producer can use this test method as one of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential refractory grain raw materials.  
For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this test method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistency of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the consumer.  
This is a primary test method, and thus is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on manufactured refractory raw materials.  
Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that the sample is representative of the material in general, the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of surface water without drainage from the pores themselves. Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the test results.  
In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as the porosity...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
Note 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2007
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C357-94(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM C357-07(2009)e1 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C544-18 - Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C357–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory
mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
consumer.
bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial
3.4 Thisisaprimarytestmethod,andthusissuitableforuse
products which usually have particles that are retained on a
in specifications, quality control, and research and develop-
0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
ment. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing
NOTE 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in
contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more
boiling water.
rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
manufactured refractory raw materials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are that the sample is representative of the material in general,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the
size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of
2. Referenced Documents
surface water without drainage from the pores themselves.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the useful-
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
ness of the test results.
Purposes
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be
recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as
3. Significance and Use
the porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus,
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory
comparisons of results should only be made between like
grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
materials or with full recognition of inherent differences
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that
between the materials being compared.
are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to
4. Apparatus
refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, charac-
terizing the properties of a granular refractory material is
4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls, for crushing samples
essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and
to pass a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) sieve.
in determining suitability for end use. One of the important
4.2 Standard Sieves, 0.265-in. and No. 8 (2.36-mm) with
properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end
Pan and Cover (Note 2)—The sieves shall conform to Speci-
product quality, usage, and performance.
ficationE11.
3.2 Therefractoriesproducercanusethistestmethodasone
4.2.1 The coarser sieve may be the No. 4 (4.75 mm) and the
of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
finer sieve may be the No. 6 (3.35 mm) or No. 12 (1.70 mm),
refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential
if tests indicate that the range in particle size is not critical.
refractory grain raw materials.
NOTE 2—The 0.265-in., No. 4, No. 6, No. 8, and No. 12 ASTM sieves
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this
are equivalent to 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10-mesh, respectively, of the Tyler
testmethodisintheevaluationofthequalityortheconsistency
3
Standard Series.
4.3 Drying Oven,adjustableto220to230°F(105to110°C).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
e1 3
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 357–94 (2002) . World Screening, Suite 30–148, Huntsville, AL 35802, Tel: [phone];
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Macon Wire, 2913 Joycliff Road, Macon, GA 31211, Tel: [phone]; Gilson
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Company, P.O. Box 200, Lewis Center, OH 43035, Tel [phone], www.glo-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on balgilson.com; Fisher Scientific, 2000 Park Lane, Pittsburgh, PA 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:C 357–94 (Reapproved 2002) Designation:C357–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
1
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. e NOTE—Footnote 5 was modified editorially
in November 2002.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products
which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
NOTE1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water. Such materials may be tested in accordance withTest Method C493.
1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: C493Test Method for Bulk Density and Porosity of Granular Refractory Materials by Mercury
2
Displacement C574Method for Chemical Analysis of Magnesite and Dolomite Refractories
E 11Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to refractory
consumers for various uses. In either case, characterizing the properties of a granular refractory material is essential in evaluating
its quality or consistency of quality and in determining suitability for end use. One of the important properties is bulk density
because of its relationship to end product quality, usage, and performance.
3.2 The refractories producer can use this test method as one of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential refractory grain raw materials.
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this test method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistency of
quality of the granular material in purchased refractory mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the consumer.
3.4 This is a primary test method, and thus is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development.
It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more rapid,
secondary test methods for use in quality control on manufactured refractory raw materials.
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that the sample is representative of the material in general, the
particle size of the sample is within the range specified by the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the size and
quantity of pores in the material permits removal of surface water without drainage from the pores themselves. Deviation from any
of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the test results.
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as the
porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus, comparisons of results should only be made between like materials or
with full recognition of inherent differences between the materials being compared.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls , for crushing samples to pass a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) sieve.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of theASTM Committee C-8 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved May 15, 1994. Published July 1994. Originally published as C357–55 T. Last previous edition C357–91.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties
.
e1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition
...