ASTM C1127/C1127M-15(2023)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is divided into two sections which provide design and specification guidelines for the use of a cold liquid-applied elastomeric membrane with integral wearing surface for waterproofing building decks in building areas to be occupied by personnel, vehicles, or equipment.
4.2 The intent of Sections 5 – 11, Design Considerations, is to provide information and design guidelines where a waterproofing membrane with integral wearing surface is to be used. The intent of the remaining sections is to provide minimum guide specifications for the use of the purchaser and the seller in contract documents.
4.3 Where the state of the art is such that criteria for a particular condition is not as yet firmly established or has numerous variables that require consideration, reference is made to the applicable portion of Sections 5 – 11 that covers the particular area of concern. Section 16 describes the repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of the membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the design and installation of cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane systems that have an integral wearing surface. The cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane (membrane) to which this guide refers is specified in Specification C957/C957M.
1.2 Concrete Slab-on-Grade—Waterproofing the upper surface of a concrete slab-on-grade presents special problems due to the possibility of negative hydrostatic pressure causing loss of bond to the substrate. Consideration of these problems is beyond the scope of this guide. Consult the membrane manufacturer for recommendations when this situation exists.
1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not aware of any similar ISO standard.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 15.4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1127/C1127M − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied
Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral
Wearing Surface
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1127/C1127M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide describes the design and installation of cold 2.1 ASTM Standards:
liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane systems C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
that have an integral wearing surface. The cold liquid-applied C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
elastomeric waterproofing membrane (membrane) to which C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
this guide refers is specified in Specification C957/C957M. Structural Concrete
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-
1.2 Concrete Slab-on-Grade—Waterproofing the upper sur-
ing Concrete
face of a concrete slab-on-grade presents special problems due
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
to the possibility of negative hydrostatic pressure causing loss
C755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for
of bond to the substrate. Consideration of these problems is
Thermal Insulation
beyond the scope of this guide. Consult the membrane manu-
C920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
facturer for recommendations when this situation exists.
C957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold
1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not
Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane
aware of any similar ISO standard.
With Integral Wearing Surface
C962 Standards Guide for Use of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in (Withdrawn 1992)
C1193 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance Fluids
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
with the standard.
D1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber, Cork,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Paving and Structural Construction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2628 Specification for Preformed Polychloroprene Elasto-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
meric Joint Seals for Concrete Pavements
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 U.S. Department of Commerce Standard:
For specific hazard statements, see 15.4.
Product Standard PS 1-74 Construction and Industrial Ply-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
wood
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
301-84 (1985) Specification for Structural Concrete for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Buildings
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and the ASTM website.
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.25 on Liquid The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Applied Polymeric Materials Used for Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes that www.astm.org.
are Directly Exposed to the Weather. Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1127/C1127M – 15. Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
DOI: 10.1520/C1127_C1127M-15R23. Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1127/C1127M − 15 (2023)
2.4 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Standards: 4. Significance and Use
Steel Structures Painting Manual, Systems and Specifica-
4.1 This guide is divided into two sections which provide
tions:
design and specification guidelines for the use of a cold
Specification SSPC SP-2 Wire Brush Cleaning
liquid-applied elastomeric membrane with integral wearing
Specification SSPC SP-6 Commercial Blast Cleaning
surface for waterproofing building decks in building areas to be
2.5 American Plywood Association (APA) Standard:
occupied by personnel, vehicles, or equipment.
APA Plywood Construction Guide
4.2 The intent of Sections 5 – 11, Design Considerations, is
to provide information and design guidelines where a water-
3. Terminology
proofing membrane with integral wearing surface is to be used.
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1079.
The intent of the remaining sections is to provide minimum
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
guide specifications for the use of the purchaser and the seller
3.2.1 cold-applied—capable of being applied without heat-
in contract documents.
ing as contrasted to hot-applied.
4.3 Where the state of the art is such that criteria for a
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Cold-applied products are furnished in
particular condition is not as yet firmly established or has
a liquid state, whereas hot-applied products are furnished as
numerous variables that require consideration, reference is
solids that must be heated to liquefy them.
made to the applicable portion of Sections 5 – 11 that covers
3.2.2 curing time—the period between application and the
the particular area of concern. Section 16 describes the repair,
time when the material attains its intended physical properties.
rehabilitation, and replacement of the membrane.
3.2.3 deflection—the deviation of a structural element from
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
its original shape or plane due to physical loading, temperature
gradients, or rotation of its support.
5. General
3.2.4 finish—the exposed top surface of the plaza deck
5.1 Major Components, Subsystems, and Features—Design
system, or traffic or wearing surface.
of plaza deck waterproofing includes consideration of several
3.2.5 floated finish—a concrete finish provided by consoli-
subsystems, with their material components and interrelation-
dating and leveling the concrete with only a power-driven or
ships. The specific project requirements, types of substrates
hand float, or both.
exposed to weather, difference in climatic conditions to which
3.2.5.1 Discussion—A floated finish is more coarse than a
the deck is exposed, and interior environmental requirements
troweled finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.
of the occupied space are major determinants in the selection of
components. Information needed to design the deck subsys-
3.2.6 freeze-thaw cycle—the freezing and subsequent thaw-
ing of a material. tems includes temperature extremes of the inner and outer
surfaces, precipitation rates, solar exposure, prevailing wind
3.2.7 grout—concrete containing no coarse aggregate; a thin
direction, the pattern and reflectivity of adjacent structures,
mortar.
anticipated amount and intensity of vibration resulting from
3.2.8 preparatory coat—an initial coat of the liquid-applied
function or adjacent occupancies, and design live loads.
membrane which is applied at cracks, joints, or terminal points
5.2 Major Subsystems—The major subsystems to be consid-
to provide reinforcement to the membrane at these critical
ered in waterproofing a building deck are the structural
areas.
building deck or substrate to be waterproofed, deck supports,
3.2.9 structural slab—a horizontal, supporting, cast-in-
traffic-bearing waterproofing membrane, drainage, membrane
place concrete building deck.
terminations, and joint systems (see Fig. 1). The design
3.2.10 traffıc surface—a surface exposed to traffic, either
guidelines, as well as the details, components, and drawings
pedestrian or vehicular.
which follow, illustrate a principle but are not necessarily the
only solutions for a diversity of environments.
3.2.11 troweled finish—a concrete finish provided by
smoothing the surface with power-driven or hand trowels, or
5.3 Compatibility—Components and contiguous elements
both, after the float finishing operation.
should be compatible and coordinated to form a totally
3.2.11.1 Discussion—A troweled finish is smoother than the
integrated waterproofing system.
floated finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.
3.2.12 wearing surface—see traffıc surface.
3.2.13 wet-film thickness—the thickness of a liquid coating
as it is applied.
3.2.14 wet-film gauge—a gauge for measuring the thickness
of a wet film.
Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
FIG. 1 Basic Components of Cold-Applied Elastomeric
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Available from American Plywood Assoc. (Forest Industries), P.O. Box 11700, Waterproofing Membrane with Integral Wearing Course
Tacoma, WA 98411. (see 5.2 and 5.4)
C1127/C1127M − 15 (2023)
5.4 Waterproofing Membrane—The waterproofing mem- 6.3 Aggregates and Moisture Content—Concrete is a com-
brane may be composed of several components, such as plex mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates and,
substrate primer(s), base coat(s), top coat(s), and antiskid optionally, admixtures. The portland cement used should be in
aggregate(s), and each material may be single or multi- conformance with Specification C150/C150M, Type I or III.
(Types II, IV, and V are rarely, if ever, used in building deck
component. The thickness of each coat, the use of primers, as
well as the type and amount of aggregates needed for each construction.) Aggregates generally available for use in con-
crete are in conformance with Specifications C33/C33M,
particular application, vary according to the exposure condi-
tions. Areas of high stress and wear, such as sharp turn radii C330/C330M, and C332. The moisture content of the cured
concrete, which is related to the type of aggregate used, can
and areas with heavy acceleration and braking from vehicular
affect the adhesion of the waterproofing membrane to the
traffic, require a greater application thickness of the membrane
substrate. With an excessively high moisture content, moisture
and aggregate than do areas of lower stress. The membrane
may condense at the interface of the membrane and concrete,
system must be applied at a thickness great enough to
and cause membrane delamination. This is particularly so if the
withstand the conditions of use. The actual thickness of each
top surface is cooler than the concrete below. Lower moisture
coat required for a particular application and the use of
contents are achieved with the use of dense stone aggregates
aggregate in top coats should be established between the
conforming to Specification C33/C33M, which generally pro-
purchaser and the seller. The purchaser should specify that the
vides structural concrete with a 3 to 5 % moisture content when
minimum membrane or film thickness meets or exceeds the
cured. Aggregates conforming to Specification C330/C330M
requirements for the particular application and substrate.
will provide lightweight structural concrete generally having a
5.5 Membrane Wear—The liquid-applied elastomeric mem-
5 to 20 % moisture content when cured. Aggregates conform-
brane forms the wearing surface of the building deck and
ing to Specification C332 provide lightweight insulating
therefore can be expected to show wear and deterioration. The
concrete, generally having a relatively low compressive
installed membrane system requires maintenance to provide
strength and capable of having over 20 % moisture content
maximum life and waterproofing protection. A program of
when cured. The concrete used for the deck substrate should
regularly scheduled inspections (that is, annual, semi-annual,
have a maximum moisture content of 8 % when cured and a
3 3
or quarterly) shall be established to detect problems before
minimum density of 1760 kg/m [110 lb/ft ]. Hence, a limited
major damage occurs to the membrane. Small areas of high
number of lightweight aggregates (Specification C330/
wear (such as a sharp turn in a parking deck) or areas subjected
C330M) may be used, and no lightweight insulating aggregates
to abuse can and should be repaired. If the top coat or wearing
(Specification C332) shall be used.
surface has begun to deteriorate, the wearing surface (including
6.4 Admixtures, Additives, and Cement/Concrete
aggregate) can be rehabilitated. Should the membrane system
Modifiers—Admixtures, additives, and modifiers serve many
become worn to the point where large areas of the deck
functions in mixing, forming, and curing concrete, such as to
substrate are visible, the membrane system probably will have
retard or accelerate the cure rate; reduce the water content
to be completely replaced and structural repairs may be
required; entrain air; increase strength; create or improve the
required. Loss of watertight integrity should not be permitted
ability of the concrete to bond to existing, cured concrete;
as corrosion of reinforcing steel can occur, causing spalling and
permit thin topping overlayers; and improve workability. Some
thereby jeopardizing the structural integrity of the deck.
admixtures and modifiers (particularly polymeric, latex, or
other organic/chemical based materials) may coat the concrete
6. Cast-in-Place Concrete
particles and reduce the ability of the waterproofing membrane
6.1 General—The concrete substrate or building deck re-
to bond to the concrete. The membrane manufacturer should be
ferred to in this guide is reinforced, cast-in-place structural
consulted if the concrete used for the deck contains any
concrete, which should conform
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