ASTM C12-08

Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2008
• ICS: 23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C12-07 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C12-09 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C425-22 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C301-18(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1091-03a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C828-23 - Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C12 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
4. Supporting Strength
vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
properties of such pipe.
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
and are not considered standard.
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bearing test ofTest Methods C301, is a measure of the inherent
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
strength of the pipe.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
2. Referenced Documents relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
2
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
strength. The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
C425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified
pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Clay Pipe and Fittings
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Field supporting strength 5 minimum bearing strength 3 load factor
Standard Strength, and Perforated
4.4 Afactor of safety greater than 1.0 and less than or equal
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
to 1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to
Clay Pipe Lines
calculate a safe supporting strength. The relationship is:
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Field supporting strength
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
Safe supporting strength 5
Factor of safety
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
5. External Loads
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of
two general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.
3. Terminology
5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifica-
load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the
tion of terminology in this specification.
pipe,increases.Consequently,thetrenchwidthatthetopofthe
pipeshallbekeptasnarrowaspossible.Pipefailuremayresult
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified if the design trench width is exceeded. If the trench width
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
exceeds the design width, a higher class of bedding, stronger
Test and Specifications.
pipe, or both, must be investigated.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C12 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/C0012-08.
transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Compaction of embedment and backfill materials, beside and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. above the sewer pipe, produces a temporary live load on the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C12–08
Construction, Water Pollution Control Federation Manual of Practice No.
FD-5, American Society of Civil Engineers—Manuals and Report on
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C12–07 Designation: C 12 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties
of such pipe.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C 425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C 700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C 828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
C 1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terminology C 896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4. Supporting Strength
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is materially affected by the methods of installation. The field supporting
strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is dependent upon two
factors: (1) the inherent strength of the pipe and ( 2) the bedding of the pipe.
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accordance with Specification C 700, as determined by the 3-edge-bearing
test of Test Methods C 301, is a measure of the inherent strength of the pipe.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field conditions.
Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is introduced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting strength. The
magnitude of the load factor depends on how the pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Field supporting strength 5 minimum bearing strength 3 load factor
4.4 Afactor of safety greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to calculate
a safe supporting strength. The relationship is:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test and
Specifications.
Current edition approved AprilNov. 1, 2007.2008. Published April 2007.November 2008. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
C 12 – 067.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C12–08
FIG. 1 Terminology
FIG. 2 Class D
Field supporting strength
Safe supporting strength 5
Factor of safety
5. External Loads
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.
5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe,
increases. Consequently, the trench width at the top of the pipe shall be kept as narrow as possible. Pipe failure may result if the
design trench width is exceeded. If the trench width exceeds the design width, a higher class of bedding, stronger
...