ASTM C1405-00a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Solid Brick Units)
Standard Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Solid Brick Units)
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glaze finish fused to the body during the same process as the unit body firing, that are intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. This specification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Some double-fired decorative glazes have physical properties which vary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lower temperatures used in applying the decorative coating.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing, fired bond, glaze, and incipient fusion in Terminology C43).
1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.
1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one of two types, and one of two classes.
1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified by the purchaser.
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 1405 – 00a
Standard Specification for
Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Solid Brick Units)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glaze
finish fused to the body during the same process as the unit
2. Referenced Documents
body firing, that are intended for use in masonry and supplying
2.1 ASTM Standards:
structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. This
C 43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
specification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Some
C 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
double-fired decorative glazes have physical properties which
Structural Clay Tile
vary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lower
C 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
temperatures used in applying the decorative coating.
Unit Masonry
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
Building Materials
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
2.2 NFPA Standard:
ance or nonconformance to the property requirements of this
NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of
specification is beyond the scope of this specification.
Building Materials
1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety of
2.3 UL Standard:
sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufac-
UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics and
tured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy
Other Building Materials Used for Interior Finishes
substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated
2.4 ICBO Standard:
temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop a fired
UBC No. 42-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification
bond between the particulate constituents to provide the
of Building Material
strength and durability requirements of this specification (see
2.5 Federal Standard:
firing, fired bond, glaze, and incipient fusion in Terminology
Federal Standard Test No. 141 Abrasion Resistance (Taber
C 43).
Abraser)
1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by mold-
ing, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to
3. Terminology
describe the brick.
3.1 Definitions— Terms used in this specification are de-
1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one of
fined in accordance with Terminology C 43.
two types, and one of two classes.
1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified by
4. Classification
the purchaser.
4.1 Grades—Grades classify glazed brick according to their
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
permissible variation in face dimension as follows. When
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S govern.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
4.1.1 Grade S (Select), for use with normal mortar joint
as requirements of this standard.
3 1
widths ( ⁄8 to ⁄2 in. (9.6 to 12.8 mm)).
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.2 Grade SS (Select Sized or Ground Edge), for use with
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Available from the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,
Quincy, MA 02269.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 1285 Walt Whitman Road, Melville,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on NY 11747.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 South
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. Workman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
published as C 1405–98. Last previous edition C 1405–00. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1405
narrow mortar joint widths. 5.2 Strength—When glazed brick are required having
4.2 Types—Two types of glazed brick are covered. When strengths greater than prescribed by this specification, the
type is not specified, the requirements for Type I govern. purchaser shall specify the desired average compressive
4.2.1 Type I (Single-Faced Units), for general use where strength and the individual minimum compressive strength.
only one face is finished. 5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)—Determine results for
4.2.2 Type II (Two-Faced Units), for use where two opposite IRA in accordance with Test Methods C 67 and furnish results
faces are finished. at the request of the specifier or purchaser.
4.3 Classes—Two classes of glazed brick are covered.
NOTE 4—Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)—IRA is not a qualifying
When class is not specified, the requirements for Class Exterior
condition or property of units in this specification. This property is
govern. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, glazed
measured in order to assist in mortar selection and material handling in the
brick of Class Exterior shall be accepted instead of Class
construction process.
Interior.
6. Efflorescence
4.3.1 Class Exterior, for exterior applications.
6.1 When the brick are tested in accordance with Test
4.3.2 Class Interior, for interior applications.
Methods C 67, the rating for efflorescence shall be: “not
NOTE 1—Special brick shapes may be desired by the purchaser that do
effloresced.”
not meet all of the requirements of this specification (see 8.2.1). Consult
the manufacturer for availability of special units and suitability for the
7. Properties of Glaze
intended purpose.
7.1 Imperviousness— When tested for imperviousness,
12.1.1, no stain that can be seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m)
5. Physical Properties
shall remain on or beneath the surface, except a slight
5.1 Durability—Glazed brick shall conform to the physical
discoloration in the depressions on matt, stippled, or mottled
properties requirements for the class specified as prescribed in
glazes and in the crevices formed into the unit face(s) provid-
Table 1 or in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2. For the compressive strength
ing surface features.
requirements, test the unit with the compressive force perpen-
7.2 Resistance to Fading—When tested for chemical resis-
dicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in the
tance, 12.1.2, the color of the glaze shall not change from the
stretcher position.
approved sample.
NOTE 2—The physical property requirements for durability are based
7.3 Resistance to Crazing—When tested for crazing, 12.1.3,
upon correlation of these physical properties and freeze-thaw testing of
the glaze shall not craze, spall, or crack when subjected to one
units in standard production. They indicate durability. Conformance with
cycle of autoclaving.
these property requirements provides a reasonable level of confidence as
7.4 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution, and Smoke Density—
to durability in lieu of freeze-thaw testing.
Body and finish shall withstand temperatures up to 1900°F
5.1.1 Strength and Absorption Requirements Alternate—
(878°C) without distortion or melting and rate “noncombus-
The saturation coefficient requirement for Class Exterior does
tible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of Test
not apply, provided the average compressive strength of a
Method E 84, glazed brick shall measure 0 flame spread, 0 fuel
random sample of five brick equals or exceeds 8000 psi (55.2
contribution, and 0 smoke density.
MPa) with no individual strength less than 7500 psi (51.8
NOTE 5—This test method is similar to that specified in NFPA No. 255,
MPa). Additionally, the 24-h cold water absorption of each unit
UL No. 723, and UBC No. 42-1.
shall not exceed 6.0 %.
5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing Alternative—The requirements 7.5 Toxic Fumes— Toxic fumes shall not be released from
for cold water absorption (5.1.1) and absorption and saturation
the body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900°F (878°C).
coefficient (Table 1) for Class Exterior do not apply, provided
No toxic fumes shall be released from the body or glaze finish
a sample of five brick, meeting the strength requirements of
when glazed brick are tested in accordance with Test Method
Table 1, passes the freezing and thawing test as described in the
E 84.
Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures of
7.6 Hardness and Abrasion Resistance—Glaze shall resist
Test Methods C 67.
scratching by ordinary glass or steel and be rated above five on
the Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, under
NOTE 3—The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as an
Wear Index Method No. 6192 of Federal Standard Test No.
alternative only when units do not conform to either Table 1 requirements
141, using a Standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibrated
for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to the
requirements of the Strength and Absorption Alternate in 5.1.1. wheel and a 2.2 lb (1000 g) weight for 1000 wear cycles, the
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Maximum
Minimum Compressive Strength, Water
A
Maximum Saturation Coefficient
psi (MPa), Gross Area Absorption by
Designation
24-h Cold, 7°
Average of 5 Individual Individual Average of 5 Individual
Brick Brick
Class Exterior 6000 (41.4) 5000 (34.8) 7.0 0.78 0.80
Class Interior 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24 h submersion in cold water to that after 5 h submersion in boiling water.
C 1405
glazed face shall have a wear factor not in excess of 15. 5 % brick, including broken brick, that do not meet the
7.7 Opacity—When opacity of the glaze is specified, dis- requirements for chippage and size.
coloration of the body shall not be visible through the glaze 8.6 After brick are handled by the purchaser, the manufac-
when tested for opacity, 12.1.4. turer or the manufacturer’s agent shall not be held responsible
for compliance of brick with the requirements of this specifi-
NOTE 6—Opacity (7.7) is not a required property of clear and translu-
cation for chippage and size.
cent glazes. The fading resistance (7.2) and hardness and abrasion
resistance (7.6) properties are not required for metallic glazes. If those
9. Size
properties are important for glazes, consult the manufacturer for avail-
ability and suitability for the intended purpose.
9.1 The dimensions of brick shall be as specified by the
purchaser. In a sample of ten brick selected to represent the
8. Appearance, Color, and Texture
extreme range of sizes of brick to be supplied, no brick shall
8.1 The body of the units shall be free of defects, deficien-
depart from the specified dimensions by more than the indi-
cies, and other imperfections that would interfere with the
vidual tolerance for the grade specified as prescribed in Table
proper setting of the brick or significantly impair the strength
2, Column A. The average size of ten brick sample shall be
or performance of the construction.
determined, and no brick in the job lot (delivered brick) shall
8.2 The color, color range, and texture shall be specified by
vary from this average size by more than the individual
the purchaser. The stretcher face of the brick and the exposed
tolerance for the grade specified as prescribed in Table 2,
face(s) of shapes shall have the same general texture, color
Column B. No individual brick in the job lot shall fall outside
range, and glaze as the approved sample. The texture of the
of the dimensional tolerances of Table 2.
glazed surfaces shall conform to an approved sample of not
9.2 Warpage—Tolerances for distortion or warpage of sur-
less than four stretcher brick, each representing the texture
faces or edges intended to be exposed in use of individual brick
desired. The color range shall be indicated by the approved
from a plane surface and from a straight line, respectively, shall
sample.
not exceed the maximum for the grade specified as prescribed
8.2.1 Where brick are required having faces glazed other
in Table 3.
than those identified by type (Section 4), the purchaser shall
9.3 Out-of-Square— The maximum permitted dimension
specify faces to be glazed and the quantity of brick needed.
for out-of-square of the exposed face of the brick is ⁄32 in. (2.4
mm).
NOTE 7—Consult the manufacturer for the availability of specialty units
suitable for the intended purposes.
NOTE 9—Linear dimensions and flat surfaces of specially shaped brick
shall meet the requirements for size and warpage, respectively, of the
8.3 The face(s) to be glazed shall be covered with a ceramic
specified grade. Tolerances for size and warpage of nonlinear dimensions
glaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips,
and surfaces, and out-of-square shall be determined by agreement with the
crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections detracting
manufacturer.
from the appearance of the designated sample when viewed
from a distance of 15 ft (4.57 m) for Class Exterior units and
10. Coring and Frogging
5 ft (1.32 m) for Class Interior units.
10.1 Coring—Unless otherwise specified in the invitation
8.4 Overspray of glazes onto adjacent faces of the units
for bids, brick are cored at the option of the seller. The net
shall be regulated by the manufacturer. Residue resulting from
cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the
the glazing operation shall not interfere with the proper setting
surface containing the cores shall be at least 75 % of the gross
of the units or significantly impair the strength or performance
cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. No part of any
of the construction.
hole shall be less than ⁄4 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge of the
NOTE 8—Consult the manufacturer for the extent of overspray common brick.
in production. Limits on allowable overspray shall be specified by the
10.2 Frogg
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