ASTM D4580-02

Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete mixtures; however, areas indicated to be delaminated may have a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck (Note 1).
Note 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise, vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not completely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this practice:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the recorder.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Chain Drag—This procedure consists of dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface. The detection of delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or hollow sounds. Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rod or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.
1.2.3  Procedure C, Rotary Percussion—This procedure consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus attached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The percussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create either a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2002
• ICS: 93.040 - Bridge construction
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.32 - Bridges and Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4580-86(1997) - Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D4580-03 - Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1823/C1823M-20 - Standard Test Method for Shear Bond Strength of Adhered Dimension Stone
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4788-03(2022) - Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4580 – 02
Standard Practice for
Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by
1
Sounding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with
bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge
2. Significance and Use
decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete
2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with other
mixtures; however, areas indicated to be delaminated may have
methods in determining the general condition of concrete
a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge
bridge decks.
deck (Note 1).
2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areas
NOTE 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise,
of delamination requiring repair.
vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not com-
pletely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally
PROCEDURE A—ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
SOUNDING DEVICE
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this
3. Summary of Procedure
practice:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device— 3.1 Longitudinal lines at a predetermined spacing are estab-
This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic lished on the bridge deck.
receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed 3.2 After calibration, the sounding device is pushed along
across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the the established lines. Electrically powered tapping wheels emit
recorder. vibrations into the deck that are sensed by sonic receivers.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Chain Drag—This procedure consists of Areas of delamination are indicated by deflections on a strip
dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface. The detection of chart recorder.
delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or 3.3 All portions on the strip chart indicating delaminations
hollow sounds. Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rod are plotted on a scaled map of the bridge deck. An outline is
or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag. made showing the areas of delamination.
2
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion —This procedure
4. Apparatus
consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus at-
tached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The
NOTE 2—The apparatus described here has been found suitable and is
percussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create either the most common type commercially available. Other apparatuses that do
not exactly conform to these requirements such as sounding device,
a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
tapping rate, or sonic receivers may also be accepted.
4.1 Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—A small, three-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
wheeled cart upon which is mounted a 12-V battery, two
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
tapping wheels, two sonic receivers, a two-channel-strip re-
Bridges and Structures.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally corder, and associated connectors and cables.
published as D 4580–86. Last previous edition D 4580–86 (1997).
4.1.1 Tapping Wheels— Two rigid-steel-tapping wheels ca-
2
The rotary sound detecting device for concrete and procedure are patent
pable of tapping the bridge deck surface at the rate of 33
pending in the US Patent and Trademark Office by Philip K. Clark Company, Inc.,
times/s. The tapping wheels shall be located approximately 6
503 Central Drive, Suite 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23454. Interested parties are
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this
in. (152 mm) apart.
patent pending item to ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
4.1.2 Sonic Receivers— Two sonic receivers consisting of
PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959. Your comments will receive
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