ASTM D1071-83(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The knowledge of the volume of samples used in a test is necessary for meaningful results. Validity of the volume measurement equipment and procedures must be assured for accurate results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the volumetric measuring of gaseous fuel samples, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The apparatus selected covers a sufficient variety of types so that one or more of the methods prescribed may be used for laboratory, control, reference, or in fact any purpose where it is desired to know the quantity of gaseous fuel or fuel samples under consideration. The various types of apparatus are listed in Table 1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels, this test method was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1071 − 83 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1071; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3.1 Standard Cubic Foot of Gas is that quantity of gas
which will fill a space of 1.000 ft when under the standard
1.1 These test methods cover the volumetric measuring of
conditions (2.2.1).
gaseous fuel samples, including liquefied petroleum gases, in
2.3.2 Standard Cubic Metre of Gas is that quantity of gas
the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The
which will fill a space of 1.000 m when under the standard
apparatus selected covers a sufficient variety of types so that
conditions (2.2.2).
one or more of the methods prescribed may be used for
2.4 Temperature Term for Volume Reductions—For the pur-
laboratory,control,reference,orinfactanypurposewhereitis
pose of referring a volume of gaseous fuel from one tempera-
desired to know the quantity of gaseous fuel or fuel samples
ture to another temperature (that is, in applying Charles’ law),
under consideration. The various types of apparatus are listed
the temperature terms shall be obtained by adding 459.67 to
in Table 1.
each temperature in degrees Fahrenheit for the inch-pound
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
units or 273.15 to each temperature in degrees Celsius for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
SI units.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.5 At the present state of the art, metric gas provers and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. meters are not routinely available in the United States.
Throughout the remainder of this procedure, the inch-pound
units are used. Those having access to metric metering equip-
2. Terminology and Units of Measurement
ment are encouraged to apply the standard conditions ex-
2.1 Definitions: Units of Measurement—All measurements
pressed in 2.2.2.
shall be expressed in inch-pound units (that is: foot, pound
NOTE 1—The SI conditions given here represent a “hard” metrication,
(mass), second, and degrees Fahrenheit); or metric units (that
in that the reference temperature and the reference pressure have been
is: metre, kilogram, second, and degrees Celsius).
changed. Thus, amounts of gas given in metric units should always be
referredtotheSIstandardconditionsandtheamountsgivenininch-pound
2.2 Standard Conditions, at which gaseous fuel samples
units should always be referred to the inch-pound standard conditions.
shall be measured, or to which such measurements shall be
referred, are as follows:
3. Significance and Use
2.2.1 Inch-pound Units: (1) A temperature of 60.0°F,
3.1 The knowledge of the volume of samples used in a test
(2) A pressure of 14.73 psia.
is necessary for meaningful results. Validity of the volume
(3) Free of water vapor or a condition of complete water-
measurement equipment and procedures must be assured for
vapor saturation as specified per individual contract between
accurate results.
interested parties.
4. Apparatus
2.2.2 SI Units: (1) A temperature of 288.15K (15°C).
(2) A pressure of 101.325 kPa (absolute).
4.1 The various types of apparatus used for the measure-
(3) Free of water vapor or a condition of complete water-
ment of gaseous fuel samples may be grouped in three classes,
vapor saturation as specified per individual contract between
as shown in Table 1. References to the portions of these
interested parties.
methods covering the capacity and range of operating
conditions, and the calibration, of each type are given in Table
2.3 Standard Volume:
1.
CAPACITY OF APPARATUS AND RANGE OF
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Gaseous Fuels and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.01 on
Collection and Measurement of Gaseous Samples.
5. Cubic-Foot Bottles, Standards, and So Forth
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally
5.1 The capacities of cubic-foot bottles, standards, and so
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1071–83 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D1071-83R08. forth, are indicated by their names. A portable cubic-foot
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D1071 − 83 (2008)
TABLE 1 Apparatus for Measuring Gaseous Fuel Samples
Capacity and
Calibration
Range of Operating
Procedure
Apparatus Conditions Covered
Covered in
in
Section No.
Section No.
Containers
Cubic-foot bottle, immersion type of 512
moving-tank type
Portable cubic-foot standard 512
(Stillman-type)
Fractional cubic-foot bottle 512
Burets, flasks, and so forth, for chem- 612
ical and physical analysis
Calibrated gasometers (gas meter 7 13–16
provers)
Gas meters, displacement type:
Liquid-sealed relating-drum meters 8 17–22
Diaphragm- or bellows-type meters, 923
equipped with observation index
Rotary displacement meters 10 24
Gas meters, rate-of-flow type:
Porous plug and capillary flowmeters 11 25
Float (variable-area, constant-head) 11 25
flowmeters
Orifice, flow nozzle, and venturi-type 11 25
flowmeters
FIG. 2 One-Tenth Cubic Foot Bottle, Transfer Tank, and Bubble-
Type Saturator for Testing Laboratory Wet Gas Meters
standardoftheStillmantypeisshowninFig.1andafractional
cubic-foot bottle is shown in Fig. 2. The temperatures and
always be low, and probably nonuniform, and in any given
pressures at which these types of apparatus are used must be
instance will be affected by the test being made and the
very close to those existing in the room in which they are
connections used.
located. Since these containers are generally used as standards
forthetestingofothergas-measuringdevices,therateatwhich
6. Burets, Flasks, and So Forth
they may be operated is of little or no importance. It will
6.1 Thecapacitiesofburets,flasks,andsoforth,willdepend
upon their function in the equipment and service in which they
are to be used. The range of temperatures and pressures under
which they may be used, which will be affected by their
function, will depend upon the material of construction and
may be relatively high (for example, 1000°F and 10 000 psi)
if suitable materials are used.
7. Calibrated Gasometers
7.1 Thestockcapacitiesofcalibratedgasometers(gasmeter
provers) are 2, 5, and 10 ft . The temperature and pressure at
which they can be operated must be close to the ambient
temperature and within a few inches of water column of
atmospheric pressure.The equivalent rates of flow that may be
attained, conveniently, are as follows:
3 3
Size, ft Equivalent Rate, ft of air/h
2 990
5 2250
10 5000
NOTE 2—Gasometers having volumetric capacities up to several thou-
sand cubic feet have been made for special purposes. Their use is limited
to temperatures close to the ambient temperature, although some may be
operated as pressures slightly higher than mentioned above. These large
gasometers can hardly be classed as equipment for measuring gaseous
samples, and are mentioned only for the sake of completeness.
8. Liquid-Sealed Rotating-Drum Meters
8.1 The drum capacities of commercial stock sizes of
FIG. 1 Stillman-Type Portable Cubic-Foot Standard liquid-sealed rotating-drum meters range from ⁄20 (or litre) to
D1071 − 83 (2008)
3 3
7.0 ft per revolution. A 0.1-ft per revolution meter is shown used,butasealingfluidhavingaverylowvaporpressuremust
inFig.3.Theoperatingcapacities,definedasthevolumeofgas be used in place of water.
having a specific gravity of 0.64 that will pass through the
9. Diaphragm-Type Test Meters
meter in 1 h with a pressure drop of 0.3-in. water column
across the meter, range from 5 to 1200 ft /h. Liquid-sealed
9.1 The displacement capacities of commercial stock sizes
rotating-drum meters may be calibrated for use at any rate for
of diaphragm-type test meters range from about 0.05 to 2.5 ft
which the pressure drop across the meter does not blow the
per revolution (of the tangent arm or operating cycle). The
meter seal. However, if the meter is to be used for metering
operating capacities, defined as the volume of gas having a
differing rates of flow, a calibration curve should be obtained,
specific gravity of 0.64 that a meter will pass with a pressure
as described in Section 20, or the meter should be fitted with a
drop of 0.5 in. of water column across the meter, range from
rate compensating chamber (see Appendix X1).
about 20 to 1800 ft /h. Usually these meters can be operated at
rates in excess of their rated capacities, at least for short
8.2 The temperature at which these meters may be operated
periods. A meter having a capacity of 1 ft per revolution is
will depend almost entirely upon the character of the sealing
shown in Fig. 4.
liquid. If water is the sealing liquid, the temperature must be
above the freezing point and below that at which evaporation
9.2 Thetemperaturerangeunderwhichthesemetersmaybe
will affect the accuracy of the meter indications (about 120°F).
operated will depend largely upon the diaphragm material. For
Outside of these limits some other liquid will be required.
leather diaphragms, 0 to 130°F is probably a safe operating
range. At very low temperatures, the diaphragms are likely to
8.3 While the cases of most meters of this type may
become very stiff and cause an excessive pressure drop across
withstand pressures of about 2-in. Hg column above or below
the meter.At higher temperatures, the diaphragms may dry out
atmospheric pressure, it is recommended that the maximum
rapidly or even become scorched causing embrittlement and
operating pressure to which they are subjected should not
leaks.
exceed 1-in. Hg or 13 in. of water column. For higher
pressures, the meter case must be proportionally heavier or the
9.3 Thepressurerange(linepressure)towhichthesemeters
meter enclosed in a suitable pressure chamber. For pressures
maybesubjectedsafelywilldependuponthecasematerialand
more than 1-in. Hg (13 in. of water) below atmospheric
design. For the lighter sheet metal (tin case) meters, the line
pressure,notonlymustaheaviercaseorapressurechamberbe
pressure should not be more than 3- or 4-in. Hg column above
or below atmospheric pressure. For use under higher or lower
line pressures, other types of meter cases are available, such as
cast aluminum alloy, cast iron, or pressed steel.
NOTE 3—The diaphragm-type test meter and the diaphragm-type
consumers meter are similar in most respects. The principal difference is
the type of index or counter. The test meter index has a main hand
indicating 1 ft per revolution over a 3-in. or larger dial, with additional
smaller dials giving readings to 999 before repeating. On the index of
consumersmeters,asidefromthetesthand,thefirstdialindicates1000ft
per revolution of its hand so that the smallest volume read is 100 ft . The
maximumreadingforaconsumersmeterindexmaybe99900or999900.
FIG. 3 Liquid-Sealed Rotating-Drum Gas Meter of 0.1 ft per FIG. 4 Iron-Case Diaphragm-Type Gas Meter with Large Observa-
Revolution Size tion Index
D1071 − 83 (2008)
Anotherminordifferenceisthatthemaximumratedcapacityforthelarger
bottle. The calibration involves adjusting the stroke of the bell
consumers meters may be 17000 ft /h.
so that as 1 ft of air is transferred from the bottle, or the
reverse, the pressure within the system does not change,
10. Rotary Displacement Meters
provided the temperature of the entire system is maintained
10.1 Rotary displacement gas meters are mentioned here constant. This requires that the test should be made in a room
only to have a complete coverage of meters for gas, since in which the temperature can be maintained constant and
meters of this type are of relatively large capacity, beyond that uniform within less than 0.5°F. Moreover, to diminish the
of sample measurement (Note 4).The rated capacities of stock cooling effects of evaporation from the surfaces of the bottle
sizes range from about 4000 to about 1000000 ft /h. They andbell,thesealingfluidshouldbealight,low-vaporpressure
may be used at somewhat higher temperatures than other
oil. Other observations forming a part of this calibration are
displacement meters, probably 400 to 500°F and are available those of the time intervals required for raising the bottle and
for use under line pressures up to about 125 psi.
bell from their respective tanks and the intervals they are held
up for drainage to take place before pressure readings are
NOTE 4—It is of course possible to use a very small meter of this type
made. From these times, corrections are determined for the
as a test or “sample” meter. See Bean, H. S., Benesh, M. E., andWhiting,
volumes of undrained liquid.
F. C., “Testing Large-Capacity Rotary Gas Meters,” Journal of Research,
Nat. Bureau Standards, JRNBA, Vol 37, No. 3, Sept. 1946, p. 183.
12.3 Burets,flasks,andsoforth,areconsideredapartofthe
(Research Paper RP1741).
analytical apparatus in which they are used, and methods of
calibrating them therefore are not covered here.
11. Rate-of-Flow Meters
NOTE 6—An outline of such methods is given in National Bureau of
11.1 Rate-of-flowmeters,asthenameimplies,indicaterates
Standards Circular C434 NBSCA, “Testing of Glass Volumetric
of flow, and volumes are obtained only for a definite time
Apparatus,” by E. L. Peffer and Grace C. Mulligan.
interval. They are especially useful in those situations where
theflowissteady,butarenotsuitedforuseinthemeasurement
13. Calibration of Secondary or Working Standards
of specified quantities nor on flows that are subject to wide or
(Provers), General Considerations
more or less rapid variations of either rate or pressure. In the
smaller sizes, they may be particularly useful for both regulat- 13.1 Gas meter provers of 2-, 5-, and 10-ft capacity
ing and measuring continuous samples of a gaseous fuel. customarily are calibrated by comparison with a cubic-foot
bottle or standard as described in Sections 14 and 15. The
11.2 Nodefinitelimitscanbesettotherangeofrateofflow
procedureconsistsofmeasuringairoutoforintotheproverby
to which these meters may be applied, nor to the range of
means of the standard, 1 ft at a time, noting the reading of the
temperatures and pressures under which they may be operated.
prover scale at the start and finish of each transfer. Some
Where mete
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