ASTM F940-99(2019)e1

Standard Practice for Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assuring that products supplied during ship construction and maintenance are substantially the same as the materials on which the original selection was based. The selection of a paint for shipboard use frequently involves laboratory and field evaluations of candidate materials as part of the specification process. When a paint is selected, it shall have the same composition and characteristics throughout the delivery period as the materials originally evaluated.  
5.1.1 When significant changes in composition or paint characteristics are observed, it is necessary to determine the cause of the change (production error or formulation change) and its impact on coating performance. Actions to take if a formulation change is required are specified in 6.5.  
5.2 This practice is not meant to cover all possible chemical or physical tests that may be used to identify a coating. Additional tests may be needed to meet specific user needs.  
5.3 This practice does not recommend specific tolerance limits for the tests indicated. Tolerance values need to be agreed upon by the coating supplier, the shipbuilder, and the ship’s owner.  
5.4 This practice does not establish critical attributes that must be controlled. These attributes are selected by the shipbuilder and the ship’s owner based on specific needs (for example, colors).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the quality control receipt inspection procedures for protective coatings (paints) procured for end item use on ships and other marine structures. The practice includes methods and procedures for verifying that coating materials received are within the range of physical and chemical characteristics as those originally specified and tested.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 47.020.05 - Materials and components for shipbuilding
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.01 - Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F940-99(2013) - Standard Practice for Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2369-24 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D2196-18 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscountess
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2621-87(2016) - Standard Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM D2832-92(2016) - Standard Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15a - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2369-10(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1309-93(2015) - Standard Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic Paints During Storage (Withdrawn 2020)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15e1 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2015
• Refers: ASTM D562-10(2014) - Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM D1200-10(2014) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM D2244-14 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM D523-14 - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2014
• Refers: ASTM D1475-98(2012) - Standard Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Overview

ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 is the globally recognized standard practice developed by ASTM International for quality control receipt inspection procedures for protective coatings (paints) used in marine construction and shipbuilding. This standard ensures that each batch of protective coatings delivered for marine use aligns with the original material specifications evaluated during paint selection. Adherence to this standard reduces the risk of performance issues in shipboard coatings by providing consistent inspection and verification protocols, supporting safety, durability, and regulatory compliance across diverse marine environments.

Key Topics

• Quality Control Procedures: Defines receipt inspection methods to verify physical and chemical properties of marine paints against the accepted baseline data.
• Baseline and Tolerance Agreement: Requires shipbuilders, paint suppliers, and ship owners to agree on acceptable tolerance limits and key quality attributes such as color.
• Batch Inspection and Sampling: Ensures representative samples from each batch are retained and tested, allowing for future comparison and validation of paint formulation consistency.
• Handling Formulation Changes: Outlines protocols for addressing any observed formulation modifications, including stakeholder approvals and updates to baseline data.
• Flexibility for Additional Testing: Recognizes that additional or specialized tests may be specified based on user or project-specific requirements.
• Compliance with International Principles: Developed in accordance with WTO TBT guidelines, promoting global standardization and trade facilitation in the marine sector.

Applications

• Shipbuilding and Repair: The standard is essential in new builds and maintenance projects to validate that purchased coatings meet contractually specified qualities, ensuring long-term protection of marine structures.
• Marine Structures: Applied broadly to all maritime assets, such as offshore platforms, naval and commercial vessels, where protective coatings are critical to corrosion resistance and longevity.
• Quality Assurance Programs: Supports both commercial and governmental procurement policies, including U.S. Department of Defense requirements, ensuring consistency in supplied protective coatings.
• Stakeholder Collaboration: Requires coordination between paint manufacturers, shipyards, and vessel owners to define, document, and control key attributes of protective coatings throughout the supply chain.

Related Standards

The following ASTM standards and test methods are commonly referenced in ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 for the physical and chemical testing of marine paints:

• ASTM D562 - Consistency of paints
• ASTM D1200 - Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
• ASTM D1210 - Fineness of dispersion
• ASTM D1475 - Density of coatings
• ASTM D1640 - Drying and film formation tests
• ASTM D2196 - Rheological properties
• ASTM D2697 - Volume nonvolatile matter
• ASTM D2832 - Nonvolatile content
• ASTM D185 - Coarse particles in pigments
• ASTM D523 - Specular gloss
• ASTM D1729 - Visual color appraisal
• ASTM D2369 - Volatile content of coatings
• ASTM D2698 - Pigment content assessment
• ASTM D3278 - Flash point determination

For a complete list of referenced standards or details on specific testing protocols, refer to the full ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 document or consult the ASTM standards database.

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Keywords: marine coatings, quality control, receipt inspection, protective paint, marine construction, shipbuilding, ASTM F940, batch testing, coating verification, tolerance limits, international standard, paint sampling.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: F940 − 99 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for
Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction
and Shipbuilding
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF940;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—The Keywords Section was added editorially in December 2019.
1. Scope D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
1.1 This practice provides the quality control receipt inspec-
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
tion procedures for protective coatings (paints) procured for
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
end item use on ships and other marine structures.The practice
D1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic Paints
includes methods and procedures for verifying that coating
During Storage
materials received are within the range of physical and
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
chemical characteristics as those originally specified and
tested. and Related Products
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Organic Coatings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Coordinates
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
2. Referenced Documents
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or Pigmented Coatings
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D2698 Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Con-
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
tent of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centri-
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
fuging
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
eter
tometry
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D2832 GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.01 on Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
Structures.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
Pigmented Coatings
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F940 – 99 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/F0940-99R19E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F940 − 99 (2019)
3. Terminology values for each property listed in Table 1 for each paint
selected.This data shall include accept/reject tolerances.These
3.1 Definitions:
tolerances shall then be reviewed and approved by the ship-
3.1.1 batch, n—a manufacturing run. The industrial unit or
builder.
quantity of production made in one complete operation. The
volume or mass that constitutes a batch is flexible and varies NOTE 1—Other properties may be specified by the shipbuilder if
deemed important due to the special service requirements of the coatings.
with the size of the plant and its facilities for converting the
raw materials into the finished product. 6.2 The shipbuilder may retain a sample of each batch of
paintreceivedfromthepaintsupplier(minimumsamplesizeof
4. Summary of Practice
one pint). This retained sample shall be stored for future
4.1 Test requirements for identifying characteristics (physi-
reference formula verification.
cal and chemical) of marine coatings are established. Receipt
6.3 Each batch of protective coatings (paint) received under
inspection tests are provided to assure that procured paints do
the contract shall, as a minimum, be sampled and tested in
not differ significantly from the paints initially evaluated.
accordance with the procedures listed in Table 2.
5. Significance and Use
6.4 The data collected on each batch of material tested in
accordance with 6.3 shall then be compared to the base line
5.1 This practice provides a means of assuring that products
data established in accordance with 6.1. Any variance not
suppliedduringshipconstructionandmaintenancearesubstan-
within the approved tolerances shall be cause for rejection of
tially the same as the materials on which the original selection
thematerial.Ifthematerialcomplieswith6.3butisconsidered
wasbased.Theselectionofapaintforshipboardusefrequently
suspect, the additional tests listed in Table 1 shall be per-
involveslaboratoryandfieldevaluationsofcandidatematerials
formed.Any variance not within the approved tolerances shall
as part of the specification process. When a paint is selected, it
also be grounds for rejection.
shallhavethesamecompositionandcharacteristicsthroughout
the delivery period as the materials originally evaluated.
6.5 Once the material selection has been made against a
5.1.1 When significant changes in composition or paint
proprietary formulation, the formulation shall not be changed
characteristics are observed, it is necessary to determine the
unless approved by the coating supplier, shipbuilder and
cause of the change (production error
...