ASTM D4048-16e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It may be of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have been established. It does not measure either the ability of the lubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors other than the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of the grease in the presence of copper.
Note 1: Because this test method requires the ability to determine subtle differences in color of copper strips, persons with certain types of color blindness may find it difficult to accurately compare a test strip to the Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of lubricating grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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´1
Designation: D4048 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Subsections 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 were corrected editorially in October 2017.
1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosive-
ness to copper of lubricating grease.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175.
standard.
3.2 copper corrosion, n—effect of a chemical attack on
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
coppermetalbyalubricantcausingvariouslevelsoftarnishing
information only.
and change in appearance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 Discussion—Acidic and other aggressive species, of-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ten sulfur-based, in a lubricant can attack copper or copper
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
alloys present in bearings or other lubricated surfaces. The
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
presence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
well-defined series of color changes.
For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
3.3 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two sur-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
faces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.4 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.4.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
commonly included to impart special properties.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
4.1 Aprepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sample
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
of grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specified
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
temperature for a definite period of time. Commonly used
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
conditions are 100 °C 6 1 °C (212 °F 6 2 °F) for 24 h 6
and Liquid Fuels
5 min. At the end of this heating period, the strip is removed,
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
washed, and compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Stan-
Fuels, and Lubricants
dard.
5. Significance and Use
1 5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It
Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
maybeofsomevalueinpredictingpossiblechemicalattackon
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper
published in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4048 – 10. DOI:
alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature
10.1520/D4048-16E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD0130. Originally produced in 1973.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D4048 − 16
bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field 6.6.1.2 These plaques are full-color productions of typical
service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have strips. They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4048 − 16 D4048 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Subsections 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 were corrected editorially in October 2017.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of lubricating grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175.
3.2 copper corrosion, n—effect of a chemical attack on copper metal by a lubricant causing various levels of tarnishing and
change in appearance.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally published in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4048 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/D4048-16.10.1520/D4048-16E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD0130. Originally produced in 1973.
3.2.1 Discussion—
Acidic and other aggressive species, often sulfur-based, in a lubricant can attack copper or copper alloys present in bearings or
other lubricated surfaces. The presence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in a well-defined series of color changes.
3.3 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.4 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
3.4.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D4048 − 16
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A prepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sample of grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specified
temperature for a definite period of time. Commonly used conditions are 100 °C 6 1 °C (212 °F 6 2 °F) for 24 h 6 5 min. At the
end of this heating period, the strip is removed, washed, and compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It may be
of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on lubricated parts, such as bearings
...
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