ASTM E2714-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep-fatigue testing is typically performed at elevated temperatures and involves the sequential or simultaneous application of the loading conditions necessary to generate cyclic deformation/damage enhanced by creep deformation/damage or vice versa. Unless such tests are performed in vacuum or an inert environment, oxidation can also be responsible for important interaction effects relating to damage accumulation. The purpose of creep-fatigue tests can be to determine material property data for (a) assessment input data for the deformation and damage condition analysis of engineering structures operating at elevated temperatures (b) the verification of constitutive deformation and damage model effectiveness (c) material characterization, or (d) development and verification of rules for new construction and life assessment of high-temperature components subject to cyclic service with low frequencies or with periods of steady operation, or both.
4.2 In every case, it is advisable to have complementary continuous cycling fatigue data (gathered at the same strain/loading rate) and creep data determined from test conducted as per Practice E139 for the same material and test temperature(s). The procedure is primarily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens subjected (at least remotely) to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control. The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep and fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously within a given cycle. Data which may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performed under such conditions may characterize (a) cyclic stress-strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation) deformation response (c) cyclic hardening, cyclic softening response or (d) cycles to crack formation, or both.
4.3 While there are a number of testing Standards and Codes of Practice that cover the determination of low cycle fatigue deformation and cycles to crack initiation properties (See ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties pertaining to creep-fatigue deformation or crack formation in nominally homogeneous materials, or both by the use of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces under isothermal conditions. It concerns fatigue testing at strain rates or with cycles involving sufficiently long hold times to be responsible for the cyclic deformation response and cycles to crack formation to be affected by creep (and oxidation). It is intended as a test method for fatigue testing performed in support of such activities as materials research and development, mechanical design, process and quality control, product performance, and failure analysis. The cyclic conditions responsible for creep-fatigue deformation and cracking vary with material and with temperature for a given material.
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or consumer products.
1.3 This test method is primarily aimed at providing the material properties required for assessment of defect-free engineering structures containing features that are subject to cyclic loading at temperatures that are sufficiently high to cause creep deformation.
1.4 This test method is applicable to the determination of deformation and crack formation or nucleation properties as a consequence of either constant-amplitude strain-controlled tests or constant-amplitude force-controlled tests. It is primarily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens subjected to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control. The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep and fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously within a given cycle. It does not cover block cycle testing in which creep and fatigue damage is generated sequentially. Data that may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performed under conditions in w...
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Designation: E2714 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Creep-Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation)
deformation response (c) cyclic hardening, cyclic softening
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofmechanical
response (d) cycles to formation of a single crack or multiple
properties pertaining to creep-fatigue deformation or crack
cracks in test specimens.
formation in nominally homogeneous materials, or both by the
use of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces under
NOTE 1—Acrack is believed to have formed when it has nucleated and
propagated in a specimen that was initially uncracked to a specific size
isothermal conditions. It concerns fatigue testing at strain rates
that is detectable by a stated technique. For the purpose of this standard,
or with cycles involving sufficiently long hold times to be
the formation of a crack is evidenced by a measurable increase in
responsible for the cyclic deformation response and cycles to
compliance of the specimen or by a size detectable by potential drop
crack formation to be affected by creep (and oxidation). It is
technique. Specific details of how to measure cycles to crack formation
intended as a test method for fatigue testing performed in
are described in 9.5.1.
support of such activities as materials research and
1.5 Thistestmethodisapplicabletotemperaturesandstrain
development, mechanical design, process and quality control,
rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic
product performance, and failure analysis. The cyclic condi-
strains (creep) are on the same order or larger than time-
tions responsible for creep-fatigue deformation and cracking
independent inelastic strain.
vary with material and with temperature for a given material.
NOTE 2—The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelastic
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and
strains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to time independent
does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or (that is, non-creep) component of inelastic strain. A useful engineering
estimate of time-independent strain can be obtained when the strain rate
consumer products.
-3 -1
exceeds some value. For example, a strain rate of 1×10 sec is often
1.3 This test method is primarily aimed at providing the
used for this purpose. This value should increase with increasing test
material properties required for assessment of defect-free temperature.
engineering structures containing features that are subject to
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cyclicloadingattemperaturesthataresufficientlyhightocause
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
creep deformation.
standard.
1.4 This test method is applicable to the determination of
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
deformation and crack formation or nucleation properties as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
consequence of either constant-amplitude strain-controlled
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tests or constant-amplitude force-controlled tests. It is primar-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
subjected to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control.
The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep and
2. Referenced Documents
fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
within a given cycle. It does not cover block cycle testing in
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
whichcreepandfatiguedamageisgeneratedsequentially.Data
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
that may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performed
terials
under conditions in which creep-fatigue deformation and
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
damage is generated simultaneously include (a) cyclic stress-
someter Systems
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
2
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2714 − 09 E2714 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Creep-Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The term “stress range” was moved from Definitions Specific to this Standard, 3.4 to Definitions, 3.3 in De-
cember 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties pertaining to creep-fatigue deformation or crack
formation in nominally homogeneous materials, or both by the use of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces under isothermal
conditions. It concerns fatigue testing at strain rates or with cycles involving sufficiently long hold times to be responsible for the
cyclic deformation response and cycles to crack formation to be affected by creep (and oxidation). It is intended as a test method
for fatigue testing performed in support of such activities as materials research and development, mechanical design, process and
quality control, product performance, and failure analysis. The cyclic conditions responsible for creep-fatigue deformation and
cracking vary with material and with temperature for a given material.
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or
consumer products.
1.3 This test method is primarily aimed at providing the material properties required for assessment of defect-free engineering
structures containing features that are subject to cyclic loading at temperatures that are sufficiently high to cause creep deformation.
1.4 This test method is applicable to the determination of deformation and crack formation or nucleation properties as a
consequence of either constant-amplitude strain-controlled tests or constant-amplitude force-controlled tests. It is primarily
concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens subjected to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control. The focus of
the procedure is on tests in which creep and fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously within a given cycle.
It does not cover block cycle testing in which creep and fatigue damage is generated sequentially. Data that may be determined
from creep-fatigue tests performed under conditions in which creep-fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously
include (a) cyclic stress- strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation) deformation response (c) cyclic hardening,
cyclic softening response (d) cycles to formation of a single crack or multiple cracks in test specimens.
NOTE 1—A crack is believed to have formed when it has nucleated and propagated in a specimen that was initially uncracked to a specific size that
is detectable by a stated technique. For the purpose of this standard, the formation of a crack is evidenced by a measurable increase in compliance of
the specimen or by a size detectable by potential drop technique. Specific details of how to measure cycles to crack formation are described in 9.5.1.
1.5 This test method is applicable to temperatures and strain rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic strains
(creep) are on the same order or larger than time-independent inelastic strain.
NOTE 2—The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelastic strains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to time dependantindependent
(that is, non-creep) component of inelastic strain. A useful engineering estimate of time-independent strain can be obtained when the strain rate exceeds
-3 -1
some value. For example, a strain rate of 1×10 sec is often used for this purpose. This value should increase with increasing test
measurement.temperature.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
Deformation and Fatigue Crack
...
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