ASTM F3571-22

Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing – Feedstock – Particle Shape Image Analysis by Optical Photography to Identify and Quantify the Agglomerates/Satellites in Metal Powder Feedstock

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Particle characterization, especially particle size distribution, has been an important parameter for quality control (QC) and research and development (R&D) in a very wide variety of industries and markets, anywhere a particulate system is a final product or an intermediate constituent somewhere in the process. But size alone is not a sufficient morphological measurement to use to understand many factors of the complete particle morphology of particulate systems and their effects on other properties. This information is expected to contribute to the understanding of the effects of shape on powder spreadability and flowability in the creation of the bed in powder bed fusion AM and the density and porosity of the final AM parts (definitions in ISO/ASTM 52900 and Terminology B243). Ultimately, specifications can be developed for quality control (QC) tolerances for these shape parameters that can be measured with a straightforward, fast automated analysis
SCOPE
1.1 This guide explains how to characterize the quality of metal powder feedstock to additive manufacturing (AM) relative to the powder shape using automated static or dynamic image analysis by optical photography. This guide will describe the method(s) to measure powder shape parameters that can identify potentially detrimental powder characteristics and specifically describe how to identify and quantify the proportion of agglomerates/satellites and other irregularly shaped non-spherical powder particles in a powder batch.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2022
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
• Drafting Committee: F42.01 - Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3571 − 22
Standard Guide for
Additive Manufacturing – Feedstock – Particle Shape Image
Analysis by Optical Photography to Identify and Quantify
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the Agglomerates/Satellites in Metal Powder Feedstock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9276-6 Representation of results of particle size analy-
1.1 This guide explains how to characterize the quality of
sis — Part 6: Descriptive and quantitative representation
metal powder feedstock to additive manufacturing (AM) rela-
of particle shape and morphology
tive to the powder shape using automated static or dynamic
ISO 13322-1 Particle size analysis — Image analysis meth-
image analysis by optical photography. This guide will de-
ods — Part 1: Static image analysis methods
scribe the method(s) to measure powder shape parameters that
ISO 13322-2 Particle size analysis — Image analysis meth-
can identify potentially detrimental powder characteristics and
ods — Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
specifically describe how to identify and quantify the propor-
ISO 14488 Particulate materials — Sampling and sample
tion of agglomerates/satellites and other irregularly shaped
splitting for the determination of particulate properties
non-spherical powder particles in a powder batch.
2.3 ISO/ASTM Standard:
ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive Manufacturing — General prin-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ciples — Fundamentals and vocabulary
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to this standard not
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
otherwise listed in 3.2, Definitions of Terms Specific to this
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Standard, reference should be made to ISO/ASTM 52900.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 For definition of terms pertaining to this standard not
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
otherwise listed in 3.2, Definitions of Terms Specific to this
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standard,referenceshouldalsobemadetoTerminologyB243.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (Key
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Parameters)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.1 aspect ratio, n—parameter name that has the formula:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
aspect ratio5 x ⁄x
Fmin Fmax
where:
2. Referenced Documents
2 x = shortest distance between parallel tangents, and
Fmin
2.1 ASTM Standards:
x = longest distance between parallel tangents.
Fmax
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy 3.2.1.1 Discussion—All parameter names in this guide are
given in ISO 9276-6. The parameter name may be different
depending on the manufacturer of the analyzer, but it could be
used if it has the same formula or a formula that correlates
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive
directly with it. Aspect ratio is on a scale of 0 to 1. A 2 by 4
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F42.01 on Test Methods.
shape has an aspect ratio of 0.5.Acircle has an aspect ratio of
Current edition approved July 15, 2022. Published August 2022. DOI: 10.1520/
1. The parameter names B/L (breadth/length), and W/L aspect
F3571-22.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3571 − 22
individual size ranges. Some manufacturers provide a software feature
ratio are also used by some manufacturers for aspect ratio and
that can combine the image
...