ASTM C1146-96(2003)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Prefabricated Panel Insulation Systems for Ducts and Equipment Operating at Temperatures Above Ambient Air
Standard Guide for Prefabricated Panel Insulation Systems for Ducts and Equipment Operating at Temperatures Above Ambient Air
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this guide is to ensure proper specification and installation of thermally and mechanically engineered units of prefabricated insulation panels. These panels are to be designed to:
4.1.1 Limit loss of heat from insulated surface.
4.1.2 Limit exposed surface temperatures for thermal protection of personnel.
4.1.3 Maintain temperatures of the insulated equipment at or above a specified minimum value required for the proper operation of the equipment.
4.1.4 Produce an assembly that provides allowance for thermal expansion and is of a weathertight construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes construction and installation of prefabricated panel insulation systems for vessels, ducts, and equipment operating at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications include, but are not limited to, power plant ducts, steam generating units, precipitators, bag houses, fans, refinery storage tanks, process vessels, and coke drums.
1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to systems consisting of insulating units specially designed to fit the surfaces to be insulated, and engineered for the service requirements.
1.3 Each insulation unit is a prefabricated construction typically comprised of insulation, an outer lagging to which the insulation is attached, an inner metal mesh and foil lining, and means for securing multiple units together in an assembly.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—When prefabricated panel systems are specified, Test Methods C 167, C 177, and C 1061, and Terminology C 168 should be considered.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C1146–96 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Prefabricated Panel Insulation Systems for Ducts and
Equipment Operating at Temperatures Above Ambient Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide describes construction and installation of 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
prefabricated panel insulation systems for vessels, ducts, and 3.1.1 convection barriers—barriers to air flow placed be-
equipment operating at temperatures above ambient. Typical tween the inner liner and the hot surface being insulated.These
applications include, but are not limited to, power plant ducts, may be a combination of sheet metal and insulation material.
steam generating units, precipitators, bag houses, fans, refinery Generally, these are required on vertical and inclined surfaces.
storage tanks, process vessels, and coke drums. 3.1.2 flashing—sheet metal of the same material as the
1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to systems lagging, used to cover openings in the insulation, such as
consisting of insulating units specially designed to fit the corners and penetration.
surfaces to be insulated, and engineered for the service 3.1.3 inner—the innermost surface or cover of the prefab-
requirements. ricated panel (closest to the hot surface). This may be com-
1.3 Each insulation unit is a prefabricated construction posed of aluminum foil and metal mesh.
typicallycomprisedofinsulation,anouterlaggingtowhichthe 3.1.4 insulation—essentially homogenous insulation in
insulation is attached, an inner metal mesh and foil lining, and which relevant properties are not a function of position within
means for securing multiple units together in an assembly. the material itself, but may be a function of such variables as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the time and temperature.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.5 lagging—the outermost cover or sheet of the prefab-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ricated panel (farthest from the hot surface), which performs a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- structural function as well as provides weather protection. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. lagging is generally fabricated from corrugated, ribbed, or flat
sheet.
NOTE 1—When prefabricated panel systems are specified, Test Meth-
3.1.6 penetrations—openings in a unit of insulation from
ods C 167, C 177, and C 1061, and Terminology C 168 should be
the hot surface through to the cold surface.
considered.
3.1.7 retaining devices—metallic members passing through
2. Referenced Documents
the insulation between the hot surface and the cold surface.
Generally, pins, prongs, or other acceptable means used to hold
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the assembly together.
C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket
3.1.8 support member—straps, bars, or angles attached to
or Batt Thermal Insulation
thesurfacebeinginsulatedandtowhichtheinsulationunitsare
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
attached.
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
3.1.9 unit of insulation—a single structurally-independent
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
assemblytypicallyconsistingoflagging,innerliner,insulation,
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
and retaining devices.
C 1061 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties
ofNonhomogeneousInsulationPanelsInstalledVertically
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to ensure proper specifica-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
tion and installation of thermally and mechanically engineered
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on Insulation
units of prefabricated insulation panels. These panels are to be
Systems.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally designed to:
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 1146 – 96.
4.1.1 Limit loss of heat from insulated surface.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Discontinued. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
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C1146–96 (2003)
4.1.2 Limit exposed surface temperatures for thermal pro- 5.2.2 When maximum lagging temperature for personnel
tection of personnel. protection is specified by the purchaser, maximum anticipated
ambient air temperature and minimum wind velocity should
4.1.3 Maintain temperatures of the insulated equipment at
or above a specified minimum value required for the proper also be supplied.
5.2.3 If personnel exposure to high surface temperature is
operation of the equipment.
4.1.4 Produce an assembly that provides allowance for considered to be a danger in limited areas, those areas should
be explicitly identified and one or more of the following
thermal expansion and is of a weathertight construction.
alternatives will be required:
5.2.3.1 External guarding,
5. Panel Design Specifications
5.2.3.2 Additional insulation,
5.1 General:
5.2.3.3 High emittance outer lagging, or
5.1.1 The purchase specification should clearly indicate the
5.2.3.4 Other acceptable techniques agreed to between the
surfaces to be insulated. Either insulation type and thickness or
purchaser and the supplier.
heat loss requirements shall be part of the specification.
5.1.2 The purchase specification should clearly indicate the
6. Panel Shipping, Storage, and Handling
operating temperature of the item to be insulated. Up-set or
worst-case conditions may be considered. 6.1 All insulation materials should be shipped, stored, and
handled in a manner that will result in their remaining in the
5.1.3 Heat loss through uninsulated surfaces, or increased
same condition as they left the supplier.
heat loss that results when it is necessary to reduce insulation
6.2 Shipping containers should be weather-resistant and
thickness to accommodate mechanical interferences with othe
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