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ASTM F1430/F1430M-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments

Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an APD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.  
5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.  
5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial device.  
5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in APDs.  
5.5 Defective areas found in aerial devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with supplemental load handling attachments.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with supplemental load handling attachments:
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.  
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
Note 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.  
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. (Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.)  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2020
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
Drafting Committee
F18.55 - Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E750-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumentation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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REDLINE ASTM F1430/F1430M-20 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling AttachmentsREDLINE ASTM F1430/F1430M-20 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1430/F1430M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated
Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling
1
Attachments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1430/F1430M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other, and values from the two
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic
systems shall not be combined.
emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
supplemental load handling attachments.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with supplemental load handling attachments:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cover any of the following equipment:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
handling attachments,
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
2
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located
2.1 ASTM Standards:
anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
NOTE 1—This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT
Radiographic Film
method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device.
E114Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.
Contact Testing
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate
E164Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
emissionsources.Verificationofemissionsourcesmayrequire
E569Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as
tures During Controlled Stimulation
radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant,
E650Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
and visual inspection. (Warning—This test method requires
Sensors
that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the
E750Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instru-
vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to
mentation
safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure
E976GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
or instability of the vehicle or components.)
Emission Sensor Response
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E1417/E1417MPractice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E1444/E1444MPractice for Magnetic Particle Testing
eachsystemarenotnecessarilyexactequivalents;therefore,to
F914Test Method forAcoustic Emission forAerial Person-
nelDevicesWithoutSupplementalLoadHandlingAttach-
ments
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial
2
Devices. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1430/F1430M–18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1430_F1430M-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1430/F1430M − 20
F217
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1430/F1430M − 18 F1430/F1430M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated
Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling
1
Attachments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1430/F1430M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with
supplemental load handling attachments.
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with
supplemental load handling attachments:
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
NOTE 1—This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT
methods should be used to supplement the results.
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use
of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual
inspection. (Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test.
During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle
or components.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices.
Current edition approved March 1, 2018Aug. 1, 2020. Published April 2018September 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20152018
as F1430/F1430M–15.–18. DOI: 10.1520/F1430_F1430M-18.10.1520/F1430_F1430M-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1430/F1430M − 20
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Contact Testing
E164 Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumentation
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
E1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
F914 Test Method for Acoustic Emission for Aerial Personnel
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant.  
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1.2 Laboratories may choose to construct and test all of the reference specimens described here or only a subset. Specific specimens may be required by a test method or an accrediting agency.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E976-15(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Acoustic emission data is affected by several characteristics of the instrumentation. The most obvious of these is the system sensitivity. Of all the parameters and components contributing to the sensitivity, the acoustic emission sensor is the one most subject to variation. This variation can be a result of damage or aging, or there can be variations between nominally identical sensors. To detect such variations, it is desirable to have a method for measuring the response of a sensor to an acoustic wave. Specific purposes for checking sensors include: (1) checking the stability of its response with time; (2) checking the sensor for possible damage after accident or abuse; (3) comparing a number of sensors for use in a multichannel system to ensure that their responses are adequately matched; and (4) checking the response after thermal cycling or exposure to a hostile environment. It is very important that the sensor characteristics be always measured with the same sensor cable length and impedance as well as the same preamplifier or equivalent. This guide presents several procedures for measuring sensor response. Some of these procedures require a minimum of special equipment.  
3.2 It is not the intent of this guide to evaluate AE system performance. Refer to Practice E750 for characterizing acoustic instrumentation and refer to Guide E2374 for AE system performance verification.  
3.3 The procedures given in this guide are designed to measure the response of an acoustic emission sensor to an arbitrary but repeatable acoustic wave. These procedures in no way constitute a calibration of the sensor. The absolute calibration of a sensor requires a complete knowledge of the characteristics of the acoustic wave exciting the sensor or a previously calibrated reference sensor. In either case, such a calibration is beyond the scope of this guide.  
3.4 The fundamental requirement for comparing sensor responses is a source of repeatable acoustic waves. The character...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines simple economical procedures for testing or comparing the performance of acoustic emission sensors. These procedures allow the user to check for degradation of a sensor or to select sets of sensors with nearly identical performances. The procedures are not capable of providing an absolute calibration of the sensor nor do they assure transferability of data sets between organizations.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1130-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.  
5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:  
5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,  
5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and  
5.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfaces such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures, walls, or windows.  
5.3 The ambient sound levels within a space often must be increased in order to mask intruding speech using an electronic sound masking system. However, in certain locations and in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning the masking sound.  
5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.  
5.5 The Articulation Index ranges from a low value of 0.00, where speech is gener...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).2  
1.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the assessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces. However, this test method could be used in mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open plan space.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces including traditional open offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these types of spaces will also be found in healthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between open plan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.  
1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectively predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both the Articulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict speech privacy, neither predicts the specific effective speech privacy afforded to particular individual occupants.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed...

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ASTM
ASTM E2374-16(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustic Emission data acquisition can be affected by numerous factors associated with the electronic instrumentation, cables, sensors, sensor holders, couplant, the examination article on which the sensor is mounted, background noise, and the user's settings of the acquisition parameters (for example, threshold).  
4.2 This guide is not intended to replace annual (or semi-annual) instrumentation calibration (see Practice E750) or sensor recertification (see Practice E1781).  
4.3 This guide is not intended to replace routine electronic evaluation of AE instrumentation or routine reproducibility verification of AE sensors (see Guide E976).  
4.4 This guide is not intended to verify the maximum processing capacity or speed of an AE system.  
4.5 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SCOPE
1.1 System performance verification methods launch stress waves into the examination article on which the sensor is mounted. The resulting stress wave travels in the examination article and is detected by the sensor(s) in a manner similar to acoustic emission.  
1.2 This guide describes methods which can be used to verify the response of an Acoustic Emission system including sensors, couplant, sensor mounting devices, cables and system electronic components.  
1.3 Acoustic emission system performance characteristics, which may be evaluated using this document, include some waveform parameters, and source location accuracy.  
1.4 Performance verification is usually conducted prior to beginning the examination.  
1.5 Performance verification can be conducted during the examination if there is any suspicion that the system performance may have changed.  
1.6 Performance verification may be conducted after the examination has been completed.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1106-12(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Primary Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Transfer Standards—One purpose of this test method is for the direct calibration of displacement transducers for use as secondary standards for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. For this purpose, the transfer standard should be high fidelity and very well behaved and understood. If this can be established, the stated accuracy should apply over the full frequency range up to 1 MHz.
Note 1: The stated accuracy applies only if the transfer standard returns to quiescence, following the transient input, before any wave reflected from the boundary of the calibration block returns to the transfer standard (∼100 μs). For low frequencies with periods on the order of the time window, this condition is problematical to prove.  
4.2 Applications Sensors—This test method may also be used for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. Some of these sensors are less well behaved than devices suitable for a transfer standard. The stated accuracy for such devices applies in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz and with less accuracy below 100 kHz.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the requirements for the absolute calibration of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The calibration yields the frequency response of a transducer to waves, at a surface, of the type normally encountered in acoustic emission work. The transducer voltage response is determined at discrete frequency intervals of approximately 10 kHz up to 1 MHz. The input is a given well-established dynamic displacement normal to the mounting surface. The units of the calibration are output voltage per unit mechanical input (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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