ASTM E3033-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Beneficial Use of Landfills and Chemically Impacted Sites
Standard Guide for Beneficial Use of Landfills and Chemically Impacted Sites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purpose—This guide provides a process (complementary to various regulatory agency waste site use programs) for evaluating and restoring among eight site use activities at eleven types of waste / chemically impacted sites. The site use activities include: (1) Active Recreation; (2) Passive Recreation; (3) Alternate Energy / Deep Anchoring Need; (4) Materials Recovery; (5) Stormwater Management; (6) Composting Imported Debris; (7) Agricultural Cultivation (non- or lightly mechanized) or Marketing; and, (8) Nature Preserve / Nature-based / Buffer Area Use. The waste / chemically impacted sites include: (1) MSW / Pre-RCRA; (2) MSW / Post-RCRA Closure – Operated pre-RCRA; (3) MSW / Operating(ed) or Closed Post-RCRA; (4) MSW / In-design; (5) C&D Landfill / Closed; (6) C&D Landfill / Operating or In-design; (7) Historic Fill; (8) Airborne Deposition; (9) Monofill / Coal Ash; (10) Monofill / Foundry Sand; (11) Non-impacted Buffer Area. More detailed descriptions of these use activities follow.
4.1.1 Active Recreation—Utilization of a waste / chemically impacted site where the likelihood of physical contact with and accidental ingestion of soil is high, due to the nature of the sport (for example, football, baseball, soccer). Note that active sports played on synthetic turf are not active recreational uses in this definition, as the focus is on potential human exposure to chemicals in soil and not on the activity, per se. See Appendix X5 for a listing of chemical compounds and their concentrations considered appropriate for this site use. Also, see 3.1.65 for additional discussion of SCOs.
4.1.2 Passive Recreation—Utilization of a waste / chemically impacted site where physical contact with and ingestion of soil is possible but unlikely (for example, biking, walking, bird watching). See Appendix X5 for a listing of chemical compounds and their concentrations considered appropriate for this site use. Also, see 3.1.65 for additional discussion of SCOs.
4.1.3 Alter...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a beneficial, acceptable use framework for the development of: (1) Inactive and pre-RCRA (or pre-regulatory) solid waste landfills that are considered orphan or latchkey to be repurposed, despite having offsite migration impacts of landfill gases and/or leachate, albeit at de minimis levels; (2) other types of unregulated waste landfills; (3) sites impacted by chemical releases; (4) legacy or ongoing, intentional, or unintentional fill placement; (5) closed, open, or operating post-RCRA landfills or landfills in the planning stages such that materials may be placed in ways that optimize a landfill's use in future years; and (6) underutilized or heavily used (for example, pedestrian; recreational; or repetitive, entertainment, single event) chemically impacted sites. Also, this guide identifies land usage and conditions of adjacent/non-waste portions of a landfill (that is, buffer areas not within the footprint of an actual landfill or chemically impacted site itself) that should be evaluated before a site use is considered acceptable.
1.2 Provided herein is instruction on evaluating and judging the acceptability of: (1) Chemical exposure barrier(s) (and other engineering and institutional control measures) in place between actual or potential chemically impacted soil; and/or (2) time of use restriction(s) established at a waste / chemically impacted site.
1.3 Additionally provided is instruction on assessing the terminal conditions at a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill; that is, flows of methane below which passive rather than active venting is recommended, and flows of leachate of a long-term, consistent quality that is clean enough to allow direct discharge of the liquid to surface waters. See Appendix X3 for additional information.
1.4 This guide complements solid waste regulatory programs where guidance on beneficial usage is unavailable or insufficient, thereby improving the chan...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3033 −16
Standard Guide for
1
Beneficial Use of Landfills and Chemically Impacted Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Over the last half-century, environmental protection programs have withdrawn from use properties
posing significant adverse human health impacts, yet some with lesser potential impact continue to be
heavilyused[forexample,pedestrian;recreational;oroutdoorentertainment-related,concertaudience
seating] without evaluation. Assessment of environmental conditions for properties undergoing
ownership transfer is now common (and often required), yet those of historic ownership are not
similarly evaluated. This guide serves the need for a forward-looking program that allows a
knowledgeable environmental professional to complete an evaluation of a proposed beneficial use,
utilizing readily available information and her/his professional judgment whether property usage
restrictions are necessary to be protective of human health. Two outcomes of such an evaluation
include finding that the proposed beneficial use is acceptable, or a finding that the proposed beneficial
use request is not acceptable. The environmental professional may condition her/his finding of
acceptability of beneficial use with institutional and engineering controls based on actual or potential
soil chemical concentrations, known background chemical concentrations, and other approaches that
provide a barrier between a chemical and a site user or limit times of use.
1. Scope other engineering and institutional control measures) in place
between actual or potential chemically impacted soil; and/or
1.1 This guide provides a beneficial, acceptable use frame-
(2) time of use restriction(s) established at a waste / chemically
work for the development of: (1) Inactive and pre-RCRA (or
impacted site.
pre-regulatory) solid waste landfillsthatareconsidered orphan
1.3 Additionally provided is instruction on assessing the
or latchkey to be repurposed, despite having offsite migration
terminal conditions at a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill;
impacts of landfill gases and/or leachate, albeit at de minimis
that is, flows of methane below which passive rather than
levels; (2) other types of unregulated waste landfills; (3) sites
active venting is recommended, and flows of leachate of a
impacted by chemical releases; (4) legacy or ongoing,
long-term, consistent quality that is clean enough to allow
intentional, or unintentional fill placement; (5) closed, open, or
direct discharge of the liquid to surface waters. See Appendix
operating post-RCRA landfills or landfills in the planning
X3 for additional information.
stages such that materials may be placed in ways that optimize
a landfill’s use in future years; and (6) underutilized or heavily
1.4 This guide complements solid waste regulatory pro-
used (for example, pedestrian; recreational; or repetitive,
grams where guidance on beneficial usage is unavailable or
entertainment, single event) chemically impacted sites. Also,
insufficient, thereby improving the chance that such sites may
this guide identifies land usage and conditions of adjacent/non-
be repurposed for public and/or private benefit.
waste portions of a landfill (that is, buffer areas not within the
1.5 This guide may be implemented in conjunction with
footprintofanactual landfillor chemically impacted siteitself)
ASTM’s Standard Guide for Integrating Sustainable Objec-
that should be evaluated before a site use is considered
tives in Cleanups (Guide E2876-13) with respect to community
acceptable.
engagement activities. See Guide E2876 for more information.
1.2 Provided herein is instruction on evaluating and judging
1.6 This guide should not be used as a justification to avoid,
the acceptability of: (1) Chemical exposure barrier(s) (and
minimize, or delay implementation of specific cleanup activi-
ties as required by law or regulation.
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
1.7 This guide should not be used to characterize (that is,
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
environmentally assess) a site for the purpose of ownership
ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Beneficial Use.
transfer, although it could supplement other environmental
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published April 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
E3033–16 assessments t
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