ASTM D4981-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
Standard Practice for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This practice is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This practice can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is added in this practice, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this practice.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Practices D5058.
1.5 This practice is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This practice offers the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4981 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice is intended for use prior to preparation of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have
D5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the
Waste
laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
1.2 This practice is applicable to the analysis of waste
3
2.2 EPA Standard:
liquids, sludges, and solids.
SW-846TestMethod1040 TestMethodforOxidizingSolids
1.3 This practice can neither identify specific oxidizing
compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base
3. Terminology
is added in this practice, potential oxidizers that require the
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
presence of acid or base will not be detected by this practice.
Terminology D5681.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
be screened for water compatibility; see Practices D5058.
3.2.1 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi-
1.5 This practice is designed and intended as a preliminary
quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user
test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
practice offers the ability to screen waste for potentially
dling.
hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more
sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste
4. Summary of Practice
composition is unknown.
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
potassiumiodide(KI)starchpaper.Thebluecolor,whichisthe
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
result of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I)inthe
2
standard.
presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This practice is intended for use by those in waste
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6. Interferences
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper (for example,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
detection of a color change.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Screening Methods. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4981 – 12. DOI: Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
10.1520/D4981-19. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4981 − 19
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already darkly 8.3 Allow the samples to stabilize to room temperature.
colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper
9. Procedur
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4981 − 12 D4981 − 19
Standard Test Method Practice for
1
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is
added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may
be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially
hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition
is unknown.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this screening method, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 screening analysis—A preliminary qualitative or semiquantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user specific
information about a waste that will aid in determining waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in handling.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of potassium iodide (KI) starch paper. The blue color which is the result
of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I ) in the presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
2
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to
oxidizing compounds in wastes.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2019. Published December 2012February 2019. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20082012
as D4981 – 08.D4981 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D4981-128.10.1520/D4981-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4981 − 19
6. Interferences
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example, oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
detection of a color change.
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper can give
false results.
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics; however, they may show positive reactions with KI.
6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will give a false negative result. To overcome this problem, run the
oxidizer test at acid, base, and neutral pH conditions.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals
...
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