iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E1411-95

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems

Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and Gamma ray radioscopic systems. Radioscopic examination applications are diverse. Therefore, system configurations are also diverse and constantly changing as the technology advances.
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and requalifying a radioscopic system for a specified application by determining its performance level when operated in a static mode. System architecture including the means of radioscopic examination record archiving and the method for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system features and their effect upon system performance must be evaluated.
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging techniques, are not covered as they may involve equipment and application details unique to such systems.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For information on safety requirements, refer to the applicable documents listed in Section 2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2001
ICS
19.100 - Non-destructive testing
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1411-01 - Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1734-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1475-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination Data
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1742/E1742M-18 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1647-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2533-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1255-16 - Standard Practice for Radioscopy
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1161-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic Components
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1416-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001

Buy Standard

ASTM E1411-95 - Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic SystemsASTM E1411-95 - Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E1411-95 - Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
English language
12 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1411 – 95 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1647 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in
Radioscopy
1.1 This practice provides test and measurement details for
2.2 Other Standard:
measuring the performance of X-ray and Gamma ray radio-
British Standard 3971—1980 Specification for Image Qual-
scopic systems. Radioscopic examination applications are
ity Indicators for Industrial Radiography (including guid-
diverse. Therefore, system configurations are also diverse and
ance on their use)
constantly changing as the technology advances.
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially quali-
3. Terminology
fying and requalifying a radioscopic system for a specified
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
application by determining its performance level when oper-
tice, see Terminology E 1316.
ated in a static mode. System architecture including the means
of radioscopic examination record archiving and the method
4. Summary of Practice
for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system
4.1 This practice provides a standardized procedure for the
features and their effect upon system performance must be
initial qualification and requalification of a radioscopic system
evaluated.
to establish radioscopic examination capabilities for a specified
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply
range of applications.
broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy
4.2 This practice is intended for use in association with a
systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing
standard practice governing the use of radioscopic examina-
neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging tech-
tion, such as Practice E 1255.
niques, are not covered as they may involve equipment and
4.3 This practice specifies the procedures to be used in
application details unique to such systems.
determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Unique system features, including component selection, sys-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tem architecture, programmability and image archiving capa-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bilities are important factors and are taken into account in this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
practice. The overall system performance level, as well as key
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For information on
system features, are to be recorded in a qualification document
safety requirements, refer to the applicable documents listed in
which shall qualify the performance level of the total radio-
Section 2.
scopic system. An example of the Radioscopic System Quali-
2. Referenced Documents fication document form is included in the Appendix. This
document may be tailored to suit the specific application.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material
5. Significance and Use
Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators
2 5.1 As with conventional radiography, radioscopic exami-
(IQI) Used for Radiology
nation is broadly applicable to the many materials and test
E 1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
object configurations which may be penetrated with X-rays or
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
gamma rays. The high degree of variation in architecture and
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
2 performance among radioscopic systems due to component
E 1255 Practice for Radioscopy
selection, physical arrangement and test object variables,
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
makes it necessary to establish the level of performance which
the selected radioscopic system is capable of achieving in
specific applications. The manufacturer of the radioscopic
system, as well as the user, require a common basis for
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally
published as E 1411 – 91. Last previous edition E 1411 – 91. Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park Street, London, England
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. W1A2B5.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1411
5.2 This practice does not purport to provide a method to linear and area dimensions per unit time, and
measure the performance of individual radioscopic system 6.1.8 The standardized image quality indicator to be used in
components which are manufactured according to a variety of qualifying the radioscopic system.
industry standards. This practice covers measurement of the 6.2 The following minimum equipment information shall be
combined performance of the radioscopic system elements included in the qualification document:
when operated together as a functional radioscopic system. 6.2.1 The system make, model number, serial number, date
5.3 This practice addresses the performance of radioscopic of manufacture and configuration,
systems in the static mode only. Radioscopy can also be a 6.2.2 Radioscopic scan plan details and whether manual or
dynamic, real-time or near real-time examination technique programmable,
which can allow test-part motion as well as parameter changes 6.2.3 Accept/Reject decision as to whether manual,
during the radioscopic examination process. The use of this computer-aided or fully automated, and
practice is not intended to be limiting concerning the use of the 6.2.4 Pertinent equipment details for each radioscopic sys-
dynamic properties of radioscopy. Users of radioscopy are tem sub-system.
cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have 6.3 This practice neither approves nor disapproves the use
beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system perfor- of the qualified radioscopic system for the specified applica-
mance and must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. tion. It is intended only as a standardized means of evaluating
5.4 This qualification procedure is intended to benchmark system performance.
radioscopic system performance under selected operating con-
7. Qualification Procedure
ditions to provide a measure of system performance. Qualifi-
7.1 Before testing, the radioscopic system shall be deter-
cation shall not restrict operation of the radioscopic system at
mined to be in good operating condition. Each sub-system shall
other radioscopic examination parameter settings which may
be checked to ascertain that it performs according to the
provide improved performance on actual test objects.
manufacturer’s specifications.
5.5 Radioscopic system performance measured pursuant to
7.2 The radioscopic system and each component thereof
this practice does not guarantee the level of performance which
shall be operated within its ratings at all times during qualifi-
may be realized in actual operation. The effects of test
cation.
part-geometry and test part-generated scattered radiation can-
7.3 The radioscopic system shall be determined to be in
not be reliably predicted by a standardized test. All radioscopic
compliance with applicable local, state and federal radiation
systems age and degrade in performance as a function of time.
safety standards. Proper procedures must be taken to safeguard
Maintenance and operator adjustments, if not correctly made,
personnel during the performance of these tests.
can adversely affect the performance of radioscopic systems.
7.4 The image display shall be placed in an area of subdued,
5.6 The performance of the radioscopic system operator in
controllable lighting which is free from glare and reflections
manual and semi-automatic radioscopic systems is not taken
which might affect image assessment.
into account in this practice and can have a major effect upon
7.5 The radioscopic system shall be at operating tempera-
radioscopic system performance. Operator qualifications are an
ture and stabilized. All operator accessible operating controls
important aspect of system operation and should be covered in
may be adjusted as necessary to obtain the optimal image
a separate written procedure.
quality.
6. Application and Equipment Information Statement
7.6 Maintenance adjustments shall not be made during the
6.1 The following minimum application and qualification testing process. If maintenance tests are necessary, all affected
standard information shall be reported in the qualification tests shall be repeated.
document. 7.7 Where provided, beam collimators and diaphragms shall
6.1.1 A brief statement about the intended application, be used to minimize scatter radiation thereby promoting the
6.1.2 Material(s) and thickness range(s) for which the sys- highest quality radioscopic image.
tem is to be qualified, 7.8 Radioscopic system performance shall be evaluated as
6.1.3 Maximum test part size or radioscopic examination to resolution and contrast sensitivity for the applicable material
envelope, over the range of minimum and maximum section thicknesses
6.1.4 A brief statement about the kind of test part features for which the radioscopic syste
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E1316-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terms found in this standard are intended to be used uniformly and consistently in all nondestructive testing standards. The purpose of this standard is to promote a clear understanding and interpretation of the NDT standards in which they are used.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the terminology used in the standards prepared by the E07 Committee on Nondestructive Testing. These nondestructive testing (NDT) methods include: acoustic emission, electromagnetic testing, gamma- and X-radiology, leak testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, neutron radiology and gauging, ultrasonic testing, and other technical methods.  
1.2 Committee E07 recognizes that the terms examination, testing, and inspection are commonly used as synonyms in nondestructive testing. For uniformity and consistency in E07 nondestructive testing standards, Committee E07 encourages the use of the terms examination or inspection and their derivatives when describing the application of nondestructive test methods. In a specific standard, either examination or inspection shall be used consistently throughout the document. Similarly, E07 encourages the use of the term test and its derivatives when referring to the body of knowledge of a nondestructive testing method. There are, however, appropriate exceptions when the term test and its derivatives may be used to describe the application of a nondestructive test, such as measurements which produce a numeric result (for example, when using the leak testing method to perform a leak test on a component, or an ultrasonic measurement of velocity). Additionally, the term test should be used when referring to the NDT method, that is, Radiologic Testing (RT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT), and so forth. (Example: Radiologic Testing (RT) is often used to examine material to detect internal discontinuities.)
Note 1: The following sentences clarify this policy and illustrate its use:
(a) Nondestructive testing methods are used extensively for the examination or inspection of materials and components.
(b) The E07 Committee on Nondestructive Testing has prepared many documents to promote uniform usage of the nondestructive testing methods that are applied to examine or inspect materials and components.  
(c) Radiologic Testing (RT) is often used to inspect material to detect internal discontinuities.
(d) Magnetic Particle Testing (MT), Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT), and Visual Testing (VT) are often used to examine the surface of a component.
(e) The Bubble Leak Testing (BLT) method is sometimes used to leak test a pressure containing component to detect leaks.
(f) A guide for Nondestructive Testing of additively manufactured materials will describe several methods but a practice will focus on a single inspection method.  
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple NDT methods, whereas the subsequent sections define terms pertaining to specific NDT methods.  
1.4 As shown on the chart below, when a nondestructive examination or inspection produces an indication, the indication is subject to interpretation as false, nonrelevant, or relevant. If it has been interpreted as relevant, the necessary subsequent evaluation will result in the decision to accept or reject the material. With the exception of accept and reject, which retain the meaning found in most dictionaries, all the words used in the chart are defined in Section A.    
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    42 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    42 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1742/E1742M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for the application and control of the radiographic method. This practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the NDT facility and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see 6.1). Practices E1030/E1030M, E1032, and E1416 contain information to help develop detailed technique/procedure requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the minimum requirements for radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materials.  
1.2 Applicability—The criteria for the radiographic examination in this practice are applicable to all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials. When specified, it may be used for radiographic inspection of metallic or non-metallic materials, weldments, castings, and brazed materials. The requirements expressed in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for parts and materials.  
1.3 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.  
1.3.1 DoD contracts.  
1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1.  
1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2.  
1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5.  
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.  
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6.  
1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7.  
1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9.  
1.3.9 Optical density, 6.10.  
1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3.  
1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18.  
1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2.  
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3.  
1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23.  
1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1.  
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2.  
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8.  
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9.  
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1.  
1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1411-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly applicable to the many materials and object configurations which may be penetrated with X-rays or gamma rays. The high degree of variation in architecture and performance among radioscopic systems due to component selection, physical arrangement, and object variables makes it necessary to establish the performance that the selected radioscopic system is capable of achieving in specific applications. The manufacturer or integrator of the radioscopic system, as well as the user, require a common basis for determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.  
5.2 This practice does not purport to provide a method to measure the performance of individual radioscopic system components that are manufactured according to a variety of industry standards. This practice covers measurement of the combined performance of the radioscopic system elements when operated together as a functional radioscopic system.  
5.3 This practice addresses the performance of radioscopic systems in the static mode or dynamic mode, that can allow relative test-part motion between source, part, and detector, and may or may not have the ability to effect parameter changes during the radioscopic examination process. Users of radioscopy are cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system performance.  
5.4 Radioscopic system performance measured pursuant to this practice does not guarantee the level of performance which may be realized in actual operation but does provide a baseline against which periodic performance evaluations can be compared to ensure the system is operating within established limits. The effects of object-geometry and orientation-generated scattered radiation cannot be reliably predicted by a standardized examination. All radioscopic systems age and degrade in performance as a function of time. Maintenance and operator adjustments, i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radioscopic systems. Radioscopy is a radiographic technique that can be used in (1) dynamic mode radioscopy to track motion or optimize radiographic parameters in real-time (25 to 30 frames per second), or both, near real-time (a few frames per second), or high speed (hundreds to thousands of frames per second) or (2) static mode radioscopy where there is no motion of the object during exposure as a filmless recording medium. This practice2 provides application details for radioscopic examination using penetrating radiation using an analog component such as an electro-optic device (for example, X-ray image intensifier (XRII) or analog camera, or both) or a Digital Detector Array (DDA) used in dynamic mode radioscopy. This practice is not to be used for static mode radioscopy using DDAs. If static radioscopy using a DDA (that is, DDA radiography) is being performed, use Practice E2698.  
1.1.1 This practice also may be used for Linear Detector Array (LDA) applications where an LDA uses relative perpendicular motion between the detector and component to build an image line by line.  
1.1.2 This practice may also be used for “flying spot” applications where a pencil beam of X-rays rasters over an object to build an image point by point.  
1.2 Basis of Application:  
1.2.1 The requirements of this practice and Practice E1255 shall be used together. The requirements of Practice E1255 provide the minimum requirements for radioscopic examination of materials. This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application by determining its performance when operated in a static or dynamic mode. Re-qualification may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organi...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E165/E165M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location, and to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. Each of the various penetrant methods has been designed for specific uses such as critical service items, volume of parts, portability, or localized areas of examination. The method selected will depend accordingly on the design and service requirements of the parts or materials being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examinations. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.  
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:  
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.  
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant testing is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.  
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.  
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2862-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The POD analysis method described herein is based on a well-known and well established statistical regression method. It shall be used to quantify the demonstrated POD for a specific set of examination parameters and known range of discontinuity sizes under the following conditions.  
5.1.1 The initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is ultimately binary in nature (that is, hit or miss).  
5.1.2 Discontinuity size is the predictor variable and can be accurately quantified.  
5.1.3 A relationship between discontinuity size and POD exists and is best described by a generalized linear model with the appropriate link function for binary outcomes.  
5.2 This practice does not limit the use of a generalized linear model with more than one predictor variable or other types of statistical models if justified as more appropriate for the hit/miss data.  
5.3 If the initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is measurable and can be classified as a continuous variable (for example, data collected from an Eddy Current inspection system), then Practice E3023 may be more appropriate.  
5.4 Prior to performing the analysis it is assumed that the discontinuity of interest is clearly defined; the number and distribution of induced discontinuity sizes in the POD specimen set is known and well-documented; discontinuities in the POD specimen set are unobstructed; and the POD examination administration procedure (including data collection method) is well-designed, well-defined, under control, and unbiased. The analysis results are only valid if convergence is achieved and the model adequately represents the data.  
5.5 The POD analysis method described herein is consistent with the analysis method for binary data described in MIL-HDBK-1823A, and is included in several widely utilized POD software packages to perform a POD analysis on hit/miss data. It is also found in statistical software packages that have generalized line...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for performing a statistical analysis on nondestructive testing hit/miss data to determine the demonstrated probability of detection (POD) for a specific set of examination parameters. Topics covered include the standard hit/miss POD curve formulation, validation techniques, and correct interpretation of results.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3370-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Matrix Array Ultrasonic Testing of Composites, Sandwich Core Constructions, and Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures described in this practice have proven utility in the inspecting (1) monolithic polymer matrix composites (laminates) for bulk defects, (2) metals for corrosion during the service life of the part of interest, (3) thickness checks, (4) adhesive bonding of metals, composites, and sandwich core constructions, (5) coatings, and (6) composite filament windings. Both unpressurized, and with suitable precautions, pressurized materials and components are inspected.  
5.2 This practice provides guidelines for the application of longitudinal wave examination to the detection and quantitative evaluation of damage, discontinuities, and thickness variations in materials.  
5.3 This practice is intended primarily for the testing of parts to acceptance criteria most typically specified in a purchase order or other contractual document, and for testing of parts in-service to detect and evaluate damage.  
5.4 MAUT search units provide near-surface resolution and detection of small discontinuities comparable to phased array transducers. They may or may not be capable of beam steering. The advantage of MAUT for straight-beam longitudinal wave inspections is the ability to provide real-time C-scan data, which facilitates data interpretation and shortens inspection time. Depending on inspection needs, data can be displayed as A-, B- or C-scans, or three-dimensional renderings. Toggling between pulse-echo and through transmission ultrasonic (TTU) modes without having to use another system or changing transducers is also possible.  
5.5 The MAUT technique has proven utility in the inspection of multi-ply carbon-fiber reinforced laminates used in primary aircraft structures.11  
5.6 For ultrasonic testing of laminate composites and sandwich core materials using conventional UT equipment consult Practice E2580. Consult Practice E114 for ultrasonic testing of materials by the pulse-echo method using straightbeam longitudinal waves introduced by a piezoelectric elemen...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for matrix array ultrasonic testing (MAUT) of monolithic composites, composite sandwich constructions, and metallic test articles. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of a part during product and process design optimization, on line process control, post-manufacturing inspection, and in-service inspection.  
1.2 In general, ultrasonic testing is a common volumetric method for detection of embedded or subsurface discontinuities. This practice includes general requirements and procedures which may be used for detecting flaws and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities and part anomalies. The types of flaws or discontinuities detected include interply delaminations, foreign object debris (FOD), inclusions, disbond/un-bond, fiber debonding, fiber fracture, porosity, voids, impact damage, thickness variation, and corrosion.  
1.3 Typical test articles include monolithic composite layups such as uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates, sandwich constructions, bonded structures, and filament windings, as well as forged, wrought and cast metallic parts. Two techniques can be considered based on accessibility of the inspection surface: namely, pulse echo inspection for one-sided access and through-transmission for two-sided access. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave.  
1.4 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.  
1.4.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting) is at a minimum a single matrix array transducer transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). Th...

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1901-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by Contact Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide provides procedures for the application of contact straight-beam examination for the detection and quantitative evaluation of discontinuities in materials.  
6.2 Although not all requirements of this guide can be applied universally to all examinations, situations, and materials, it does provide basis for establishing contractual criteria between the users, and may be used as a general guide for preparing detailed specifications for a particular application.  
6.3 This guide is directed towards the evaluation of discontinuities detectable with the beam normal to the entry surface. If discontinuities or other orientations are of concern, alternate scanning techniques are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the contact ultrasonic examination of bulk materials or parts by transmitting pulsed ultrasonic waves into the material and observing the indications of reflected waves. This guide covers only examinations in which one search unit is used as both transmitter and receiver (pulse-echo). This guide includes general requirements and procedures that may be used for detecting discontinuities, locating depth and distance from a point of reference and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities as compared to a reference standard.  
1.2 This guide complements Practice E114 by providing more detailed procedures for the selection and standardization of the examination system and for evaluation of the indications obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2934-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Eddy Current (EC) Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of eddy current NDE test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provide a standard means to organize eddy current test parameters and results. The eddy current examination results may be displayed or analyzed on any device that conforms to the standard. Personnel wishing to view any eddy current examination data stored according to Practice E2339 may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.  
1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.  
1.3 This practice does not specify:  
1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,  
1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or  
1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.  
1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3388-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy for High Energy Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gauge is intended to provide a means for measuring image or detector unsharpness and basic spatial image or detector resolution as independently as practicable from the imaging system and contrast sensitivity limitations. When the duplex plate gauge is positioned directly on the film or the digital detector instead on the test object, then the determined image unsharpness UIm corresponds to the inherent film or detector unsharpness (Udetector) and the determined basic spatial image resolution SRbimage corresponds to the basic spatial detector resolution SRbdetector. SRbimage provides a value which depends on the combined effect of detector unsharpness and geometric unsharpness.  
5.2 Basis of Application:  
5.2.1 The following items are subject to contractual agreement between the parties using or referencing this standard.
5.2.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in accordance with NAS410, EN 4179, ANSI/ASNT CP 189, ISO 9712, or SNT-TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency as applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be used when specified on the contract or purchase order. The applicable revision shall be the latest unless otherwise specified in the contractual agreement between parties.
5.2.1.2 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as described in Specification E543. The applicable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in the contract.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the image unsharpness and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays (DDA), or radioscopic systems (for example, with X-ray image intensifiers) for applications with Se-75, Ir-192, Co-60 and high energy sources with tube potentials ≥ 300 kV. The IQI may be used at lower tube potentials too, if the expected unsharpness is > 200 µm (SRbimage or SRbdetector > 100 µm). For the measurement of lower unsharpness values, the usage of the gauge described in Practice E2002 is recommended.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively if the duplex wire IQI of Practice E2002 does not provide sufficient contrast resolution.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2446-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are several factors affecting the quality of a CR image including the basic spatial resolution of the IP system, geometrical unsharpness, scatter and contrast sensitivity. There are several additional factors (for example, software and scanning parameters) that affect the accurate reading of images on exposed IPs using an optical scanner.  
4.2 This practice is to be used to establish a characterization of CR system by performance levels on the basis of a normalized SNR, interpolated basic spatial detector resolution and EPS. The CR system performance levels in this practice do not refer to any particular manufacturers’ imaging plates. A CR system performance level results from the use of a particular imaging plate together with the exposure conditions, standardized phantom, the scanner type, and software and the scanning parameters. This characterization system provides a means to compare differing CR technologies, as is common practice with film systems, which guides the user to the appropriate configuration, IP, and technique for the application at hand. The performance level selected may not match the imaging performance of a corresponding film class because of the difference in the spatial resolution and scatter sensitivity. Therefore, the user should always use IQIs for proof of contrast sensitivity and basic spatial resolution.  
4.3 The measured performance parameters are presented in a characterization chart. This enables users to select specific CR systems by the different characterization data to find the best system for his specific application.  
4.4 The quality factors can be determined most accurately by the tests described in this practice. Some of the system tests require special tools, which may not be available in user laboratories. Simpler tests are described for quality assurance and long term stability tests in Practice E2445.  
4.5 Manufacturers of industrial CR systems or certification agencies will use this practice. Users of i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems, consisting of a particular phosphor imaging plate (IP), scanner, software, scanner operational parameters, and an image display monitor, in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The practice defines system tests to be used to characterize the systems of different suppliers and make them comparable for users.  
1.3 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers of CR systems or certification agencies to provide quantitative results of CR system characteristics for nondestructive testing (NDT) user or purchaser consumption. Some of these tests require specialized test phantoms to ensure consistency of results among suppliers or manufacturers. These tests are not intended for users to complete, nor are they intended for long term stability tracking and lifetime measurements. However, they may be used for this purpose, if so desired. Practice E2445 describes tests which are intended for users to observe the CR performance and test the long term stability.  
1.4 The CR system performance is described by the basic spatial resolution, contrast, signal and noise parameters, and the equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS). Some of these parameters are used to compare with DDA characterization and film characterization data (see Practice E2597 and Test Method E1815).
Note 1: For film system characterization, the signal is represented by the optical density of 2 (above fog and base) and the noise as granularity. The signal-to-noise ratio is normalized by the aperture (similar to the basic spatial resolution) of the system and is part of characterization. This normalization is given by the scanning circular aperture of 100 µm of the micro-photometer, which is defined in Test Method E1815 for film system characterization.  
1.5 The measurement of CR systems in this practice is restricted ...

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off