ASTM D7158-08a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Sealed Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Sealed Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The wind resistance of sealed asphalt shingles is directly related to the ability of the sealed shingle to resist the force of the wind acting to lift the shingle from the shingle below. This test method employs the measured resistance of the shingle to mechanical uplift after sealing under defined conditions, in a calculation which determines whether this resistance exceeds the calculated force induced by wind passing over the surface of the shingle. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; while these conditions were considered, and safety factors introduced, extreme natural variations are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. The classification determined in this test method is based on the mechanical uplift resistance determined when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
The calculations that support the Classes in 4.1 use several standard building environment factors. These include the 3-s wind gust exposure from ASCE-7, installation on Category I or II buildings for all slopes, ground roughness B or C, and installation on buildings 60 ft tall or less.
Note 2—The assumptions used in the calculations for the classes in 4.1 cover the requirements for the majority of the asphalt shingle roofs installed. If environmental factors are outside those used in the calculations for these classes, such as ground roughness D, building heights greater than 60 ft tall, building use categories III or IV and other exposures as defined by ASCE-7, other calculations are required. Consult the shingle manufacturer for the specific shingle’s DCp, EI, L, L1, and L2 val...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 7158 – 08a
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Sealed Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/
1
Uplift Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D6381 Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating
Mechanical Uplift Resistance
the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in
2.2 ASCE Standard:
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and sealed
ASCE 7–02 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on
3
Other Structures
interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the
ANSI/UL2390–04 TestMethodforWindResistantAsphalt
uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a
4
Shingles with Sealed Tabs
specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift
resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind
3. Terminology
resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured
3.1 Definitions:
uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer
velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
to Terminology D1079.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.1 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,is
only.
defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material designed to seal the shingles to each other under the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a roof.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bondingthatresultsfromtheactivationofthesealantunderthe
2. Referenced Documents action of time and temperature.
2 3.2.3 sealed—as it relates to steep slope roofing shingles,is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
theconditionoftheshinglesafterthesealanthasbeenactivated
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt)
by the action of time and temperature.
Surfaced With Mineral Granules
D228 Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, andAnalysis of
4. Types and Classes of Shingles
Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in
4.1 Shingles are classified based on their resistance to wind
Roofing and Waterproofing
velocities determined from measured data (Section 11), calcu-
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-
lationsofupliftforce(Section12),andinterpretationofresults
ing
(Section 13), as follows:
D 3161 Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt
4.1.1 Class D—Passed at basic wind speeds up to and
Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
including 145 km/h (90 mph).
D3462 SpecificationforAsphaltShinglesMadefromGlass
4.1.2 Class G—Passed at basic wind speeds up to and
including 193 km/h (120 mph).
4.1.3 Class H—Passed at basic wind speeds up to and
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing
including 242 km/h (150 mph).
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7158–08.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 7158 – 08a
5. Summary of Test Method the 3-s wind gust exposure from ASCE-7, installation on
CategoryIorIIbuildingsforallslopes,groundroughnessBor
5.1 The uplift force induced by wind passing over the
C, and installation on buildings 60 ft tall or less.
surfaceofasphaltshinglesisdete
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7158–08 Designation: D 7158 – 08a
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Sealed Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/
1
Uplift Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions, and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product
rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method.The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle
by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is
determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift
force for that velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Surfaced With Mineral Granules
D228 Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, andAnalysis ofAsphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing
and Waterproofing
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D3161 Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
D3462 Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D6381 Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
2.2 ASCE Standard:
3
ASCE 7–02 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
4
ANSI/UL 2390–04 Test Method for Wind Resistant Asphalt Shingles with Sealed Tabs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic material
designed to seal the shingles to each other under the action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.
3.2.2 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the action
of time and temperature.
3.2.3 sealed—as it relates to steep slope roofing shingles, is the condition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated
by the action of time and temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. . Published February 2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as D7158–078.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 7158 – 08a
4. Types and Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shinglesareclassifiedbasedontheirresistancetowindvelocitiesdeterminedfrommeasureddata(Section11),calculations
of uplift force (Section 12), and interpretation of results (Section 13), as follows:
4.1.1 Class D—Passed at basic wind speeds up to and including 145 km/h (90 mph).
4.1.2 Class G—Passed at basic wind speeds up to and including 193 km/h (120 mph).
4.1.3 Class H—Passed at basic wind
...
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