ASTM F1789-05a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
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Designation:F1789–05a
Standard Terminology for
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F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alloy groups—alloy group includes alloys considered to be
chemically equivalent for general purpose use in specifying
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs and nuts.
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
SAE J412.
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
2. Referenced Documents desired alloying effect.
2
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
and machining.
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
alteration distributor—distributor of fasteners who alters a
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
4
fastener prior to sale and assumes the full responsibilities of
2.3 IFI Standards:
the alteration and its affected mechanical and performance
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
characteristics.
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
anchor bolt—steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended to
ing Laboratories
be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
projectsfromtheconcreteforanchoringothermaterialtothe
Mechanical Fasteners
5
concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
2.4 SAE Standard:
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
Steels
the anchor bolt as required.
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
annealing—general term applied to a variety of thermal
treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
acceptance number—numerical value representing the maxi-
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
mum number of permissible non-conformances within a
annealing are:
sample submitted for testing and acceptance of the popula-
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
tion.
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
stresses.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1789 – 05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
the ASTM website.
3
solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
4
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105,
lowercriticaltemperature,producesastructureofferriteand
Cleveland, OH 44114.
5
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
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