ASTM D3539-87(2004)

Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The rate of evaporation of volatile liquids from a solution or dispersion is important because it affects the rate of deposition of a film and flow during deposition, and thereby controls the structure and appearance of the film. In the formulation of paints and related products, solvents are chosen based on the evaporation characteristics appropriate to the application technique and the curing temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rate of evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using the Shell thin-film evaporometer. These test methods have been applied to a wide range of volatile liquids, including paint, varnish, and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocarbons and to insecticide spray-base oils.
1.2 The test methods for the determination of evaporation rate using the thin-film evaporometer are: SectionsTest Method A2,3—Manual Recording5-11Test Method B—Automatic Recording12-17
1.3 These test methods are limited only by the viscosity of the volatile liquid which must be sufficiently low to permit the dispensing of an accurately measured specimen from a syringe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 5.2 and 5.6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3539-87(1996) - Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D3539-11 - Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3539 – 87 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film
1
Evaporometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rate
of evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using the
Shell thin-film evaporometer. These test methods have been
applied to a wide range of volatile liquids, including paint,
varnish, and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocar-
bons and to insecticide spray-base oils.
1.2 The test methods for the determination of evaporation
rate using the thin-film evaporometer are:
Sections
2,3
Test Method A —Manual Recording 5-11
Test Method B—Automatic Recording 12-17
1.3 These test methods are limited only by the viscosity of
the volatile liquid which must be sufficiently low to permit the
dispensingofanaccuratelymeasuredspecimenfromasyringe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
FIG. 1 Details of the Thin-Film Evaporometer
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
statements are given in 5.2 and 5.6. 3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Aknown volume of liquid is spread on a known area of
2. Referenced Documents
filter paper that is suspended from a sensitive balance in a
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cabinet. Dried air or nitrogen at 25°C is passed through the
cabinet at a known rate. The loss of weight of the filter
1
paper/liquid is determined and plotted against time.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & 4. Significance and Use
Paint Materials.
4.1 The rate of evaporation of volatile liquids from a
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
solution or dispersion is important because it affects the rate of
in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D3539–76(1996). DOI:
10.1520/D3539-87R04.
deposition of a film and flow during deposition, and thereby
2
These test methods are essentially the same as the one developed by the New
controls the structure and appearance of the film. In the
York Society for Paint Technology. The Precision section was added by ASTM
formulation of paints and related products, solvents are chosen
SubcommitteeD01.24andisbaseduponthedataoftheNewYorkSocietyforPaint
Technology. based on the evaporation characteristics appropriate to the
3
See “Comparative Evaporation Rates of Solvents: II,” New York Club,
application technique and the curing temperature.
Technical Subcommittee No. 66, Offıcial Digest, 28, No. 382, 1956, p. 1060.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3539 – 87 (2004)
NOTE 1—One-litre flasks should be used throughout.
FIG. 2 Diagram of Dehumidification Apparatus
TEST METHOD A—EVAPORATION RATE USING 5.7 Hygrometer (or other humidity-sensing device), capable
THE MANUAL THIN-FILM EVAPOROMETER of indicating low humidities.
5.8 Thermometers, of suitable accuracy such as ASTM
5. Apparatus
BombCalorimeterthermometer56Chavingarangefrom19to
5
5.1 Evaporometer, thin-film evaporometer as shown in
35°C, subdivisions 0.02°C or Thermometer 56F (66 to 95°F
Fig. 1 (see Annex A1).
with 0.05°F subdivisions), and conforming to the requirements
5.2 Constant-Temperature Cabinet for evaporometer.
of Specification E1.
(Warning—In instances with the solvents and other volatile
materials normally tested using this apparatus and under the
6. Preparation of Evaporometer
conditions specified in this test method, the concentration of
6.1 Placethe
...