ASTM F104-03(2009)
(Classification)Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This classification is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methods commonly used for commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
It is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket materials should be described, insofar as is possible, in terms of specific physical and mechanical characteristics, and that an infinite number of such descriptions can be formulated by use of one or more standard statements based on standard tests. Therefore, users of gasket materials can, by selecting different combinations of statements, specify different combinations of properties desired in various parts. Suppliers, likewise, can report properties available in their respective products.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system provides a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonmetallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork, cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combination with various binders or impregnants are included. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not included, since they are covered in Classification D2000. Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate specifications. While the facing materials for laminate composite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F104, materials normally classified as LCGM are not covered since they are included in Classification F868.
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of the classification system as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F104 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Classification System for
Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF104;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
2 motive Applications
1.1 This classification system provides a means for speci-
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
fying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonme-
Sieves
tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork,
F36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of
cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi-
Gasket Materials
nation with various binders or impregnants are included.
F37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials
Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not
F38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Mate-
included, since they are covered in Classification D2000.
rial
Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are
F146 TestMethodsforFluidResistanceofGasketMaterials
intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate
F147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic Gasket
specifications.Whilethefacingmaterialsforlaminatecompos-
Materials
ite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in Classification
F148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Composi-
System F104, materials normally classified as LCGM are not
tion Gasket Materials
covered since they are included in Classification F868.
F152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket
Gasket Materials
performance are not included, use of the classification system
F433 Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gas-
as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
ket Materials
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
F607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Metal Surfaces
only.
F868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Ma-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
terials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
meric Materials to Fungi
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformity
2 in reporting properties; to provide a common language for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide
engineersanddesignersinthetestmethodscommonlyusedfor
commerciallyavailablematerials;andtobeversatileenoughto
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on
cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
Gaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification.
3.2 It is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originally
materialsshouldbedescribed,insofarasispossible,intermsof
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F104 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/F0104-03R09.
specific physical and mechanical characteristics, and that an
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
infinite number of such descriptions can be formulated by use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of one or more standard statements based on standard tests.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Therefore, users of gasket materials can, by selecting different
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F104 – 03 (2009)
combinations of statements, specify different combinations of sheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarely
properties desired in various parts. Suppliers, likewise, can with the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall be
report properties available in their respective products. noted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the dimensions
of sample and any variations from method must be reported.
4. Basis of Classification
7.2 For qualification purposes, thickness shall be 0.8 mm
4.1 To permit “line call-out” of the descriptions mentioned
(0.03 in.), except for Type 2, where the qualification thickness
in 3.2, this classification system establishes letter or number
is to be 1.5 to 6.4 mm (0.06 to 0.25 in.), and Type 5 Class 1,
symbols or both for various performance levels of each
where the qualification thickness is to be 0.4 mm (0.015 in.).
property or characteristic (see Table 1) .
When thicknesses other than those shown above are to be
4.2 In specifying or describing gasket materials, each“ line
tested, the specification limits shall be agreed to in writing
call-out” shall include the number of this system (minus date
between the purchaser and the supplier.
symbol) followed by the letter “F” and six numerals, for
7.3 Sufficient specimens shall be selected to provide a
example: ASTM F104 (F125400). Since each numeral of the
minimum of three determinations for each test specified. The
call-out represents a characteristic (as shown in Table 1), six
average of the determinations shall be considered as the result.
numerals are always required. The numeral “0” is used when
8. Conditioning
thedescriptionofanycharacteristicisnotdesired.Thenumeral
8.1 Prior to all applicable tests, specimens shall be condi-
“9” is used when the description of any characteristic (or test
tioned as follows:
related thereto) is specified by some supplement to this
8.1.1 When the first numeral of line call-out is “1” (Type 1
classification system, such as notes on engineering drawings.
materials), specimens shall be conditioned in an oven at 100 6
4.3 To further specify or describe gasket materials, each
2°C (212 6 3.6°F) for 1 h and allowed to cool to 21 to 30°C
“line call-out” may include one or more suffix letter-numeral
(70 to 85°F) in a desiccator containing anhydrous calcium
symbols, as listed in Table 2, for example: ASTM F104
chloride; except when second numeral of line call-out is “3”
(F125400-B2M4). Various levels of definition may be estab-
(Class 3 materials), the specimens shall be conditioned in an
lishedbyincreasingordecreasingthenumberofletter-numeral
oven for4hat100 6 2°C (212 6 3.6°F).
symbols used in the “line call-out.”
8.1.2 When the first numeral of line callout is “2” (Type 2
4.4 For convenience, gasket materials are referred to by
materials), specimens shall be conditioned at least 46 h in a
Type according to the principal fibrous or particulate reinforce-
controlled-humidity room or in a closed chamber with gentle
ment or other material from which the gasket is made and by
mechanical circulation of the air at 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) and
Class according to the manufacturing method, or the common
50 to 55 % relative humidity.
trade designation. Type numbers correspond with the first
numeral, and class numbers correspond with the second
NOTE 2—If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 % relative
numeral of the basic six-digit line call-out, as shown in Table
humidity is not available, a tray containing a saturated solution of reagent
1. grade magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO )·6H O, shall be placed in the chamber
3 2
to provide the required relative humidity.
NOTE 1—While this “cell-type” format provides the means for close
8.1.3 When the first numeral of line callout is “3” (Type 3
characterization and specification of each property and combinations of
properties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possible materials), specimens shall be preconditioned for 4 h at 21 to
misapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded if
30°C (70 to 85°F) in a closed chamber containing anhydrous
the user is not familiar with available commercial materials.Table X1.1 of
calcium chloride as a desiccant.The air in the chamber shall be
this classification indicates properties, characteristics, and test methods
circulatedbygentlemechanicalagitation.Specimensshallthen
that are normally considered applicable to each type of material.
be transferred immediately to a controlled-humidity room or
closed chamber with gentle mechanical circulation of the air
5. Physical and Mechanical Requirements
and conditioned for at least 20 h at 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) and
5.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification shall
50 to 55 % relative humidity.
have the characteristics or properties indicated by the first six
8.1.4 When the first numeral of a line callout is “4,” no
numerals of the line call-out, within the limits shown in Table
conditioning of specimens is necessary.
1, and by additional letter-numeral symbols shown in Table 2.
8.1.5 When the first numeral of a line callout is “5,” “7,” or
“8,” test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with
6. Thickness Requirements
8.1.1 (Type 1 materials).
6.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification system
8.1.6 When the first numeral of a line callout is “0” or “9,”
shall conform to the thickness tolerances specified in Table 3.
specimens shall be conditioned as in 8.1.3, unless otherwise
7. Sampling specified in supplements to this classification.
8.2 In all cases where testing is conducted outside the area
7.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets or
of specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from the
sheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. If
chamber one at a time just prior to testing.
9. Test Methods
IRM 903 is available from R.E. Carrol, Inc. P.O. Box 5806,Trenton, NJ 08638.
The user should be aware that results may differ from results using ASTM Oil No.
9.1 Thickness:
3.ASTM Oil No. 3 is no longer commercially available due to potential health risks
9.1.1 Measure the specimens with a device actuated by a
associated with its use. IRM 903 has been approved by Committee D-11 as a
replacement for ASTM Oil No. 3. dead-weight load. The device shall be capable of reading in
F104 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Basic Six-Digit Number Basic Characteristic
First Numeral “Type” of material (the principal fibrous, particulate, or reinforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to the
first numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows:
0 = not specified 5 = flexible graphite
1 = asbestos 7 = nonasbestos fiber, tested as Type 1
2 = cork 8 = vermiculite
A
3 = cellulose 9 = as specified
4 = fluorocarbon polymer
Second Numeral Class of material(method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digit
number, as follows:
When first numeral is “0” or “9,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “1” or “7,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = compressed sheeter process
2 = beater process
3 = paper and millboard
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “2,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = cork composition (Class 1)
2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2)
3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3)
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “3,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = untreated fiber—tag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1)
2 = protein treated (Class 2)
3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3)
4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4)
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “4,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = sheet PTFE
2 = PTFE of expanded structure
3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven
4 = PTFE felts
5 = filled PTFE
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “5” or “8,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = homogeneous sheet
2 = laminated sheet
A
9 = as specified
Third Numeral Compressibility characteristics, determined in accordance with Test Method F36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the third
numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %)
0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 30 %
1=0 to 10 % 6=25 to 40%
2=5 to 15 %* 7=30 to 50%
3=10 to 20% 8=40 to 60%
A
4 = 15 to 25 % 9 = as specified
* 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter process
Fourth Numeral Thickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: determined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percent
indicated by the fourth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 30 %)
0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 40 %
1=0 to 15 % 6=30 to 50%
2=5 to 20 % 7=40 to 60%
3=10 to 25% 8=50 to 70%
A
4 = 15 to 30 % 9 = as specified
Fifth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: determined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percent
indicated by the fifth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 30 % max)
0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max
1=10%, max 6=60%, max
2=15%, max 7=80%, max
3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max
A
4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified
Sixth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in water:determined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percent indicated
by the sixth numeral of the basic six-digit number. See left and below. (Example: 4 = 30 %, max)
0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max
1=10%, max 6=60%, max
2=15%, max 7=80%, max
3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max
A
4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified
A
On engineering drawings or other supplement to this classification system.
F104 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 2 Supplementary Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Suffix Symbol Supplementary Characteristics
A9 Sealability characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F37. External load, internal pressure, other
details of test, and results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.
B1 through B9 Creep relaxation characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F38. Loss of stress at end of 24 h shall
not exceed the amount indicated by the numeral of the B-symbol.
B1=10% B5=30%
B2=15% B6=40%
B3=20% B7=50%
B4=25% B8=60%
A
B9 = as specified
D00 through D99 The former ASTM standard F64, Test Method for Corrosive and Adhesive Effects of Gasket Materials on Metal Surfaces,
was discontinued in 1980. The newly established test for adhesion has become Test Method F607.
E00 through E99 Weight and thickness change after immersi
...
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