ASTM D5684-00

Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms related to pile yarn floor coverings. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.1.1 Figure 1 is included to show the different elements of a tufted pile yarn floor covering.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2000
• ICS: 97.150 - Floor coverings
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5684-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5252-20 - Standard Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod Tumble Drum Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5417-21 - Standard Practice for Operation of the Vettermann Drum Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5848-20 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6859-18 - Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6119-19 - Standard Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changes in Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot Traffic
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6283-21 - Standard Test Method for Tuft Element Length of Uncoated Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2859-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3383-19a - Standard Test Method for Filament Bind of Single Fibers in Synthetic Turf
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D7570-17(2021)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Dimensional Stability of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6719-22e1 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D7330-22 - Standard Test Method for Assessment of Surface Appearance Change in Pile Floor Coverings Using Standard Reference Scales
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6540-22 - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3936-21 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5684 – 00
Standard Terminology
Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
backing fabric is created at the same time the pile yarn is bound to the
1. Scope
backing fabric, but, in tufted pile yarn floor coverings, the backing
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms
fabric is made prior to the operation in which the pile yarn is fastened
related to pile yarn floor coverings. Terms that are generally
to the backing fabric.
understood or adequately defined in other readily available
binding site, n— for pile yarn floor covering, a point at which
sources are not included.
the pile yarn is, or can be, bound to the backing fabric.
1.1.1 Fig. 1 is included to show the different elements of a
tufted pile yarn floor covering.
DISCUSSION—In any machine-made pile yarn floor covering, the
binding sites occur in an orderly and repetitive array at uniform
2. Referenced Documents
intervals both in the lengthwise and widthwise directions of the pile
yarn floor covering. The nature of the binding sites differs among
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor coverings. For example, the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
binding site of a woven pile yarn floor covering consists of one or more
D 1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Floor Coverings
filling shots under which the face yarn passes, whereas the binding site
D 2646 Method of Testing Backing Fabrics
of a tufted pile yarn floor covering consists of a section of backing
D 2859 Test Method for Flammability of Finished Textile
fabric between two adjacent needle holes in the lengthwise direction.
Floor Covering Materials The number of pile yarn strands that can be fastened at one binding site
can vary from one to several, according to the design.
D 3936 Test Method for Delamination Strength of Second-
ary Backing of Pile Floor Covering
buried pile yarn, n— for coated pile yarn floor covering, the
part of pile yarn tufts which is in or under the primary
3. Terminology
backing.
3.1 Definitions:
carpet, n—all textile floor coverings not designated as rugs.
carpet module, n—textile floor covering sections usually
attached cushion, n— for pile yarn floor covering, a material,
having dimensions of less than 1 m .
bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floor
components, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the individual
covering to provide additional dimensional stability, thick-
yarn or fabric elements into which a pile yarn floor covering
ness, and padding.
can be separated.
DISCUSSION—Such products as foam, rubber, and urethane are used as
constant-rate-of-extension tensile type testing machine
attached cushion.
(CRE), n— a testing machine in which the rate of increase
back coating, n— in textile floor covering, an adhesive
of specimen length is uniform with time.
compound applied for such purpose as locking pile yarn tufts
crush, n—in pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definition
into a carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to a
due to entanglement and compression of pile fibers.
primary backing, increasing fabric body or stiffness and
cut pile yarn floor covering, n—a pile floor covering in which
increasing dimensional stability.
the pile is composed of adjacent tuft elements that are
backing , n— in pile yarn floor covering, all materials in a pile
separated or cut (see Fig. 1).
floor covering other than the pile yarn.
delamination—See resistance to delamination.
backing fabric, n— in textiles, a fabric into which a pile yarn
dents per unit width, n— for woven pile floor covering, the
is inserted; or a reinforcing layer which is adhered to the
number of binding sites per unit width; dents being the reed
reverse side of a fabric.
spaces through which the warp yarns pass in the loom or the
metal strips in the reed that form these spaces.
DISCUSSION—In woven and knitted pile yarn floor coverings the
extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a textile
not including water that is removable by a specified solvent
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
or solvents, as directed in a specified procedure.
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor
finished , adj—in textile floor covering materials, the comple-
Coverings.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originally
tion of all manufacturing operations.
published as D 5684 – 95. Last previous edition D 5684 – 98.
finished pile yarn floor covering, n—in textile floor covering
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 materials, the pile yarn floor covering that has undergone all
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5684
of the steps of the manufacturing process. needles being the means of inserting the pile yarn into the
flame resistance, n— that property of a material whereby backing fabric.
flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibited nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by bonding
following application of a flaming or nonflaming source of or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechani-
ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition cal, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations
source. thereof.
flame retardant, n—a chemical used to impart flame resis- peak force, n—for pile floor covering, the force required to
tance. separate two or more layers and registered on a chart as a
flame-retardant treatment, n—a process for incorporating or peak, that is, a value exceeding the value immediately
adding flame retardant(s) to a material or product. preceding and following it.
floor covering, n— an essentially planar material, having a pile, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the textured surface
relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or composed of many tuft legs bound to a backing fabric in an
width, that is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort, orderly and repetitive array.
and utility of the floor.
DISCUSSION—A particular pile floor covering may be all cut pile or all
loop pile, and, in either case, the pile may be of essentially one pile
level or multilevel. A particular floor covering may also contain both
cut pile areas and loop pile areas which may be of the same pile level
or different pile levels. Areas of intermingled cut and loop pile or
intermingled high and low level pile may also occur.
pile height, n— in determination of tuft height, a measurement
that uses a small graduated ruler inserted until it touches the
backing to measure the pile from the top surface of the
primary backing to the top of the tuft.
ad = cut pile tuft element DISCUSSION—Pile height is typically used generically by manufactur-
gj = loop pile tuft element
ing personnel in setting machinery and by laymen. This procedure is
ab, cd, ef, gh, ij, jk = tuft legs
subject to significant variability between technicians and is therefore
cd, ef = cut pile tuft leg pair
used only for rough field work and machinery setting during the
ij, jk = loop pile tuft leg pair, a loop
manufacturing process.
B = one binding site
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor Covering
pile lay, n—the direction in which most of the pile fibers lean
in the original, uncrushed carpet.
foot traffic units, n— for pile floor covering, the number of
pile reversal, n—a persistent change in the direction of pile lay
passes by human walkers over a specific group of carpet
in certain areas, resulting in an apparent visual difference of
samples.
shade. (Syn. watermarking, pooling, shading).
fusion bonded, n—a method of creating a carpet pile construc-
pile thickness, n— in pile yarn floor covering, the difference
tion by adhering loops or lengths of yarn to the face of a
in the unextended height of the tuft elements above the
pr
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