ASTM D5387-93(2019)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide describes what parameters should be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
5.2 The criteria will address only the collection of data on noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These properties can include particle size, shape, density, and position on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally, sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be noncohesive sediments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data set.
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of non-cohesive sediment alluvial data.
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5387 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Guide for
Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive
Sediments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
dated Sediments
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data
set.
3. Terminology
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of
3.1 Definitions:
non-cohesive sediment alluvial data.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
Terminologies D1129 and D4410.
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
3.2.1 diameter, intermediate axis, n—the diameter of a
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
sedimentparticledeterminedbydirectmeasurementoftheaxis
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
normal to a plane containing the longest and shortest axes.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.2 diameter, nominal, n—the diameter of a sphere of the
standard.
same volume as the given particle (1).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 diameter, sieve, n—the size of sieve opening through
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
which a given particle of sediment will just pass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 D,n—the diameter of the sediment particle that has x
x
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
percent of the sample less than this size (diameter is deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mined by method of analysis; that is, sedimentation, size,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
nominal, etc.).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Example: D is the diameter that has
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
45 % of the particles that have diameters finer than the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specified diameter. The percent may be by mass, volume, or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
numbers and is determined from a particle size distribution
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
analysis.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Guide
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This guide establishes criteria for a complete sediment
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
datasetandprovidesguidelinesforthecollectionofdataabout
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
non-cohesive sediments.
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
D4822 Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size
5. Significance and Use
Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
5.1 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
5.2 The criteria will address only the collection of data on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5387 – 93 (2013).
consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on
DOI: 10.1520/D5387-93R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5387 − 93 (2019)
the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These determination. Guide D4822 presents a way to help choose
propertiescanincludeparticlesize,shape,density,andposition which method might work best given the particle sizes to be
on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally, sampled and the units of the distribution desired. Several of the
sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be more common particle-size analysis methods are given in Ref
noncohesive sediments. (4).
6.2.1.5 Preform particle-size distribution analysis on
suspended-sediment, total-load, bedload, and bed-material
6. Procedure
samples. Results should indicate whether the diameters deter-
6.1 Parameters discussed here are divided into three major
mined are sieve, fall, intermediate axis, or nominal diameters,
categories: sediment, hydraulic, and others. Within each of
and whether they are percent finer than by mass, volume, or
these categories there is a listing of the minimum parameters
number of particles.
that should be collected or analyzed for and some additional
6.2.1.6 Record the method or specific piece of equipment,
parameters that, although are not critical, would add significant
or both, used to determine particle-size distribution.
information to the data set if recorded.
6.2.1.7 Specific Gravity—The specific gravity of a particle
6.2 Sediment Parameters (Minimal):
effects to how the particle reacts in the flow. Most of the time
6.2.1 There are give basic sediment parameters that must be
the specific gravity is assumed to be 2.65.Although this is true
collected in order to have a complete data set. They are:
most of the time, Brownlie (5) points out that about half of J.
concentration, bedload, bed material, particle-size distribution,
J. Franco’s data has a specific gravity of 1.30 and that the
and specific gravity.
following data sets have these ranges in specific gravity:
6.2.1.1 Concentration—Report concentration of suspended-
Pang-Yung Ho, 2.45 to 2.70; C. R. Neill, 1.36 to 2.59; and U.S.
sediment or total-sediment samples in milligrams per litre
Waterways Experiment Station, 1936c, 1.03 to 1.85.
(mg/L) or in parts per million (ppm). Collect these samples in
6.3 Sediment Parameters (Additional):
suchawaythattheyrepresenteitherthepoint,vertical,orcross
6.3.1 The following parameters are considered to be ones
section sampled. Follow sampling guides set forth in Guide
that are not absolutely necessary for a complete data set but
D4411 or in Ref (2) when collecting suspended-sediment or
would give significant additional information and clarification
total-load samples.
to the data.
6.2.1.2 Bedload—Report discharge of bedload in mega-
6.3.1.1 Specific Diameters—Calculated diameters such as
grams per day (Mg/d) or some other form of mass per time
D , D ,D ,D ,D , and D are quite often used in
16 35 50 65 84 90
unit. The procedures for the collection of bedload samples,
sediment transport equations. Having these computed diameter
both in a flume and in the field, have not been standardized as
sizesstoredinthedatabaseswillalloweveryoneusingthedata
well as those for suspended sediment. This is in part because
in the future to use the same values for these percentiles, thus
the sampler development has not achieved the state of unifor-
avoiding some additional sources of errors when comparing
mity that the suspended-sediment samplers have and because
their results to the original developer’s results. Store diameters
not enough is currently known about bedload transport in open
in millimetres and give the type, that is, fall, sieve, etc.
channels to accurately define a protocol for data collection.
6.3.1.2 Method of Collection—Document how the samples
However, the procedure outlined in Ref (2) appears to be a
were collected. It is often very important to know if the
reasonable approach to the problem and gives the state of
samples were collected from single vertical or multiverticals,
knowledge and equipment at the present time.
surface dipped, or point samples.This not only is important for
6.2.1.3 Bed Material—Because the bed material is the
suspended-sediment and total-load samples, but also is impor-
primary source of noncohesive sediments, collect detailed
tant for bedload and bed-material samples. If multiple verticals
samples.Mostfieldbed-materialsamplingprogramshavebeen
are used to collect the sample, note the number of verticals
restricted to sampling sand-bed streams because of the overall
used and some general description of their placement in the
lack of knowledge and the practical problems associated with
cross section. If the sample is collected from a single point or
sampling gravel-bed streams (3). References (2) and (3),as
vertical, identify the collection point.
well as Guide D4823, present several methods for collection of
6.3.1.3 Sampler—Record the type of sampler and nozzle
bed-mate
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