ASTM A264-12(2019)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate
Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel for pressure vessel. The steel shall be made by the open-heart, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes and the alloy-cladding metal shall be metallurgically bonded to the base metal. The steel clad plate shall be heat treated. The steel specimens shall undergo tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and yield strength. The steel materials shall also undergo bend tests and shall conform to the required values of shear strength and bond strength. Product and chemical analyses shall also be performed on the steel specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Feb-2019
- Technical Committee
- A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
- Drafting Committee
- A01.11 - Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2017
- Refers
ASTM A370-17a - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products - Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2017
Overview
ASTM A264-12(2019) is the internationally recognized standard specification for stainless chromium-nickel steel-clad plate, developed and maintained by ASTM International. This standard covers plates composed of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base that is integrally and continuously bonded with a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel on one or both sides. These clad plates are primarily used in pressure vessel applications where the benefits of both base steel strength and stainless steel corrosion resistance are required. Products must be manufactured, tested, and certified in accordance with stringent quality and mechanical requirements, ensuring robust performance in demanding industrial environments.
Key Topics
- Material Composition: The standard allows for any combination of carbon steel or low-alloy steel as the base, clad with stainless chromium-nickel steel that meets defined chemical requirements.
- Manufacturing Requirements: Plates are produced using open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes, with meticulous control over the metallurgical bonding of the cladding. Heat treatment is required to achieve desired mechanical properties.
- Mechanical Property Testing: Clad plates must undergo tension, bend, shear, and bond strength tests to ensure compliance with specified values for yield, tensile, and bond/shear strength.
- Cladding Quality: The bond between the cladding and base steel is critical. ASTM A264 outlines inspection criteria, including ultrasonic testing and visual checks to verify bond quality as per class requirements.
- Dimensional Tolerances: The specification defines the permissible variations in thickness for both the base steel and the cladding, ensuring product consistency and adherence to order requirements.
- Product Analysis and Certification: Chemical analysis of both the base and cladding layers is required, with certification and documentation provided according to customer and code requirements.
Applications
- Pressure Vessels: ASTM A264-compliant clad plates are widely used in the fabrication of pressure vessels for the petrochemical, oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation industries. The combination of high mechanical strength and enhanced corrosion resistance ensures long service life in harsh environments.
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plants: Due to their chemical resistance, these plates are ideal for process equipment that handles corrosive substances.
- Industrial Reactors and Heat Exchangers: The dual metal structure allows reactors and heat exchangers to safely withstand high pressure and temperature while minimizing maintenance costs caused by corrosion.
- Construction Codes: ASTM A264 plates are referenced by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ensuring their acceptance in regulated and safety-critical applications.
Related Standards
- ASTM A20/A20M: General requirements for steel plates intended for pressure vessels, supplementing conditions not specified in A264.
- ASTM A240/A240M: Covers specifications for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip.
- ASTM A370: Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products, referenced for tensile and bend tests.
- ASTM A578/A578M: Specification for ultrasonic examination of rolled steel plates, used for verifying clad bond integrity.
- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX: Requirements for qualifying welding procedures and welders used in the fabrication of clad plates.
Practical Value
ASTM A264-12(2019) provides essential guidelines for the production and quality control of stainless chromium-nickel steel-clad plates. Its rigorous requirements ensure that clad plates deliver optimal performance in corrosive and high-pressure environments. By specifying comprehensive testing, inspection, and certification protocols, this standard supports industry needs for reliability, safety, and regulatory compliance in pressure vessel manufacturing and related applications.
Keywords: ASTM A264, stainless steel-clad plate, pressure vessel plate, chromium-nickel steel, carbon steel, clad plate specification, bond strength, mechanical testing, corrosion resistance
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM A264-12(2019) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel for pressure vessel. The steel shall be made by the open-heart, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes and the alloy-cladding metal shall be metallurgically bonded to the base metal. The steel clad plate shall be heat treated. The steel specimens shall undergo tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and yield strength. The steel materials shall also undergo bend tests and shall conform to the required values of shear strength and bond strength. Product and chemical analyses shall also be performed on the steel specimens. SCOPE 1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel for pressure vessel. The steel shall be made by the open-heart, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes and the alloy-cladding metal shall be metallurgically bonded to the base metal. The steel clad plate shall be heat treated. The steel specimens shall undergo tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and yield strength. The steel materials shall also undergo bend tests and shall conform to the required values of shear strength and bond strength. Product and chemical analyses shall also be performed on the steel specimens. SCOPE 1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM A264-12(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM A264-12(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM A6/A6M-24, ASTM A370-24, ASTM A578/A578M-17(2023), ASTM A6/A6M-23, ASTM A240/A240M-23a, ASTM A480/A480M-23b, ASTM A480/A480M-19, ASTM A370-19, ASTM A480/A480M-18, ASTM A20/A20M-18, ASTM A20/A20M-17, ASTM A370-17a, ASTM A480/A480M-17, ASTM A578/A578M-17, ASTM A240/A240M-17. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM A264-12(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A264 −12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope A578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic
2 Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applica-
1.1 This specification covers plate of a carbon steel or
tions
low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
nickel steel. The material is generally intended for pressure
vessel use. 2.2 Other Standards:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 This material is considered as single-clad or double-
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
clad corrosion-resisting chromium-nickel steel plate, depend-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ing on whether one or both sides are covered.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 alloy cladding, n—the stainless chromium-nickel steel
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
component of the composite plate.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 base metal (backing steel), n—component to which
the alloy cladding is applied, usually the greater percentage of
2. Referenced Documents
the composite plate and usually consisting of carbon or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
low-alloy steel.
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
3.1.4 integrally and continuously bonded, n—the process by
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
whichthealloycladdingandbasemetalarebroughttogetherto
A20/A20M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
form a metallurgical bond at essentially the entire interface of
Plates for Pressure Vessels
the two metals by means other than those processes that do not
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
produce a homogeneous composite plate.
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
Vessels and for General Applications
4. Ordering Information
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
of Steel Products
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
limited to, the following:
Sheet, and Strip
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces).
4.1.2 Cladding alloy specification, (UNS or ASTM Specifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
cation A240/A240M and whether cladding is for corrosion
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels. allowance only),
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
4.1.3 Base metal specification.
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A264 – 12. DOI:
4.1.4 Bond integrity Class (1, 3, or 5).
10.1520/A0264-12R19.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-264 in Section II of that Code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A264 − 12 (2019)
4.1.5 Dimensions including the minimum or nominal thick- case of clad plate manufactured without hot rolling, the base
ness of the cladding alloy, and the backing steel, or of the total metal and alloy cladding components may be heat treated
composite plate and if more or less restrictive thickness separately as appropriate prior to bonding.
tolerances apply. 5.2.2 Duplex stainless steel clad plates shall be provided in
4.1.6 Product analysis, if required (see Section 10). Specify
a heat treated condition as agreed upon between the purchaser
whether applicable to the cladding alloy, backing steel or both. and the manufacturer.
4.1.7 Mechanicalproperties,includingsheartestifrequired.
5.2.3 When plates are to be cold formed, or when otherwise
4.1.8 Finish (see Section 12). required by the base metal specification, the purchaser may
4.1.9 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (see
specify that such plates, following solution annealing, be heat
Section 14). treated for grain refinement of the base metal by normalizing
4.1.10 Additionstothespecificationorspecialrequirements
and either air cooled or water quenched as appropriate.
such as any applicable construction code rules.
4.1.11 Corrosion testing if applicable.
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.12 Notification when the cladding alloy is to be used for
6.1 The composite plate may conform to any desired com-
inclusion in the design strength calculations for an applicable
bination of alloy-cladding metal and base metal as described in
construction code.
6.2 and 6.3 and as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
NOTE 1—Construction codes may dictate certain fabrication require-
manufacturer.
ments when the cladding is used in the design calculations that may be
6.2 Alloy Cladding Metal—The alloy-cladding metal speci-
different than if the cladding is used for corrosion resistance only. This
may be particularly important when the alloy cladding involves the use of fied shall conform to the requirements as to chemical compo-
welded components in the explosion bonded clad manufacturing process.
sition prescribed for the respective chromium-nickel or duplex
It is incumbent on the purchaser to make the clad manufacturer aware of
steel in Specification A240/A240M.
any such restrictions or applications at time of order.
6.3 Base Metal—The base metal shall be carbon steel or
4.2 Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofthisspecification
low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications for
and the backing steel specification, certain supplementary
steel for pressure vessels, or other, as agreed by the purchaser
requirements are available when additional control, testing, or
and the manufacturer. The base metal shall conform to the
examination is required to meet end use requirements. The
chemical requirements of the specification to which it is
purchaser is referred to the listed supplementary requirements
ordered.
in this specification and to the detailed requirements in
Specification A20/A20M.
7. Mechanical Properties
4.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
7.1 Tensile Requirements:
with the requirements of SpecificationA20/A20M, the require-
7.1.1 The tensile properties shall be determined by a
ments of this specification shall prevail.
tension test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet all
4.4 Special tests.
of the following conditions.
(1) The composite gage is less than or equal to 1 ⁄2 in. (38
5. Materials and Manufacture
mm).
5.1 Process:
(2) The specified minimum tensile strength of the base
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-
steel is less than or equal to 70 000 psi (485 MPa)
furnace, or basic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes
(3) The specified minimum yield strength of the base steel
whereby steel made from these primary processes is remelted
is less than or equal to 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
using, but not limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc
(4) The tensile properties thus determined shall be not less
remelting processes.
than the minimum and not more than 5000 psi (35 MPa) over
5.1.2 The alloy-cladding metal may be metallurgically
the maximum prescribed in the specification for the base steel
bonded to the base metal by any method that will produce a
used.All other tensile test requirements of the specification for
clad steel that will conform to the requirements of this
the base steel shall be met.
specification.
7.1.2 The tensile properties shall be determined by a
5.1.3 For explosively bonded products, the alloy cladding
tension test of the base steel only for clad plates that meet one
metal may be comprised of two or more separate alloy plates
of the following conditions. The properties thus determined
or sheets completely welded together to form a single fabri-
shall meet all of the tensile test requirements for the base steel.
cated component.
(1) The composite gage is greater than 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm).
(2) The specified minimum tensile strength of the base
5.2 Heat Treatment:
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon between steel is greater than 70 000 psi (485 MPa).
(3) The specified minimum yield strength of the base steel
thepurchaserandthemanufacturer,allausteniticstainlesssteel
clad plates shall be given a heat treatment consisting of heating is greater than 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
to the proper temperature for the solution of the chromium 7.1.3 If the cladding is for corrosion allowance only, the
carbidesinthecladdingfollowedbyindividualaircooling.For cladding need not be included in the tensile test. The tensile
base metals of air-hardening low-alloy steels the above heat properties thus determined shall meet the base steel require-
treatment shall be followed by a tempering treatment. In the ments.
A264 − 12 (2019)
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
0.01 0.254 1 ⁄2 38.1
⁄8 3.17 2 50.8
⁄4 6.35 3 76.2
1 25.4 8 203.2
NOTE 1—When necessary, it is permissible to use a narrower specimen,
Metric Equivalents
but in such a case the reduced portion shall be not less than 1 in. in width.
in. mm in. mm NOTE 2—Punch marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be
made on the flat or on the edge of the specimen and within the parallel
0.005 0.127 1 25.4
1 1
section; either a set of nine punch marks 1 in. apart, or one or more sets
⁄8 3.18 2 ⁄2 64.5
⁄4 19.1 3 76.2
of 8-in. punch marks may be used.
NOTE 3—The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as
FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Test of Clad
provided for in the applicable material specifications.
Plate
FIG. 2 Standard Rectangular Tension Test Specimen with 8-in.
Gage Length
7.2 Tests for strength of the bond, when required, must be
8.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
specified by the purchaser and shall consist of one of the
develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen
following.
substituted.
7.2.1 Shear Strength—When required by the purchaser, the
minimum shear strength of the alloy cladding and base metals
9. Test Specimens
shall be 20 000 psi (140 MPa). The shear test, when specified,
9.1 The tension test specimens from plate shall conform to
shall be made in the manner indicated in Fig. 1. The minimum
the requirements prescribed in the specifications for the base
claddingthicknessforsheartestingshallbe0.075in.(1.9mm),
metal.
exclusive as ordered. Testing for shear strength for clad plates
with minimum cladding thickness of 0.075 in. (1.9 mm) or less
9.2 Bend test specimens for the alternative bond strength
shall be permitted upon agreement between the purchaser and
tests, shall be taken at right angles to its longitudinal axis.
the manufacturer.
9.3 When required by the purchaser, the shear test specimen
7.2.2 Bond Strength—As an alternative to the shear strength
should be taken near a top or bottom corner of the plate as
test provided in 7.2.1, or when agreed upon by the purchaser
rolled, parallel to its longitudinal axis, or other location that is
and the manufacturer
...
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