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ASTM A148/A148M-15a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for carbon steel, alloy steel, and martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to higher mechanical stresses. All castings shall undergo heat treatment either by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering and shall be regulated under pyrometers. Several grades of steel castings are covered and shall conform to the required chemical composition for sulfur and phosphorus. A tension test shall be performed and shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield point, and elongation. The notch bar impact properties shall also be determined by testing one set of three Charpy V-notch impact specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel, alloy steel, and martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to higher mechanical stresses than those covered in Specification A27/A27M.  
1.2 Several grades of steel castings are covered, having the chemical composition and mechanical properties prescribed in Tables 1 and 2.    
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2015
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A148/A148M-15 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Replaced By
ASTM A148/A148M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Referred By
ASTM A957/A957M-21 - Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM F1106-87(2023) - Standard Specification for Warping Heads, Rope Handling (Gypsy Head, Capstan Head)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM F765-93(2022) - Standard Specification for Wildcats, Ship Anchor Chain
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
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ASTM A148/A148M-15a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural PurposesASTM A148/A148M-15a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
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REDLINE ASTM A148/A148M-15a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural PurposesREDLINE ASTM A148/A148M-15a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
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REDLINE ASTM A148/A148M-15a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A148/A148M −15a
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA148/A148M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. General Conditions for Delivery
3.1 Except for castings produced by the investment casting
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel, alloy steel, and
martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to process, material furnished to this specification shall conform
to the requirements of Specification A781/A781M, including
higher mechanical stresses than those covered in Specification
A27/A27M. any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
1.2 Several grades of steel castings are covered, having the
ments of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconfor-
chemical composition and mechanical properties prescribed in
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
Tables 1 and 2.
requirements of this specification and Specification A781/
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
A781M, this specification shall prevail.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shall
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
includinganysupplementaryrequirementsthatareindicatedin
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
with the standard.
ments of Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconfor-
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
requirements of this specification and Specification A957/
2. Referenced Documents
A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27MSpecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
4. Ordering Information
General Application
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
following:
of Steel Products
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
A781/A781MSpecification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
casting drawing),
A957/A957MSpecification for Investment Castings, Steel
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
andAlloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
Use
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
A1067/A1067MSpecification for Test Coupons for Steel
the standards of acceptance.
Castings
4.1.5 Inthecaseofquenchandtemperedcastingstheruling
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
section, T.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 Allcastingsshallbeheattreatedeitherbyfullannealing,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
tempering. Unless otherwise specified in the inquiry, contract,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
or order, the castings may be heat treated by any of these heat
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A148/A148M–15.
treatmentsorcombinationoftheseheattreatmentsattheoption
DOI: 10.1520/A0148_A0148M-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or of the manufacturer.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Heat treatment shall be performed after the castings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. have been allowed to cool below the transformation range.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A148/A148M−15a
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade (UNS No.) Composition, %
Sulfur, max Phospho-
rus, max
80-40 [550-275] (D50400) 0.06 0.05
80-50 [550-345] (D50500) 0.06 0.05
90-60 [620-415] (D50600) 0.06 0.05
105-85 [725-585] (D50850) 0.06 0.05
115-95
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A148/A148M − 15 A148/A148M − 15a
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A148/A148M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel, alloy steel, and martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to higher
mechanical stresses than those covered in Specification A27/A27M.
1.2 Several grades of steel castings are covered, having the chemical composition and mechanical properties prescribed in
Tables 1 and 2.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castings
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. General Conditions for Delivery
3.1 Material Except for castings produced by the investment casting process, material furnished to this specification shall
conform to the requirements of Specification A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this
specification shall prevail.
3.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements
of Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of
this specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the following:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2015. Published September 2015November 2015. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20142015
as A148/A148M – 14.A148/A148M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/A0148_A0148M-15.10.1520/A0148_A0148M-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A148/A148M − 15a
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade (UNS No.) Composition, %
Sulfur, max Phospho-
rus, max
80-40 [550-275] (D50400) 0.06 0.05
80-50 [550-345] (D50500) 0.06 0.05
90-60 [620-415] (D50600) 0.06 0.05
105-85 [725-585] (D50850) 0.06 0.05
115-95 [795-655] (D50950) 0.06 0.05
130-115 [895-795] (D51150) 0.06 0.05
135-125 [930-860] (D51250) 0.06 0.05
150-135 [1035-930] (D51350) 0.06 0.05
160-145 [1105-1000] (D51450) 0.06 0.05
165-150 [1140-1035] (D51500) 0
...

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Note 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A487/A487M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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