ASTM F311-97(2002)

Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides for the processing of liquid samples obtained in accordance with Practice F 302 and Practices F 303. It will provide the optimum sample processing for visual contamination methods such as Method F 312, and Test Method F 314.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the processing of liquids in preparation for particulate contamination analysis using membrane filters and is limited only by the liquid-to-membrane filter compatibility.
1.2 The practice covers the procedure for filtering a measured volume of liquid through a membrane filter. When this practice is used, the particulate matter will be randomly distributed on the filter surface for subsequent contamination analysis methods.
1.3 The practice describes procedures to allow handling particles in the size range between 2 and 50 m with minimum losses during handling.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1997
• ICS: 49.035 - Components for aerospace construction
• Technical Committee: E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
• Drafting Committee: E21.05 - Contamination

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F311-97 - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Replaced By: ASTM F311-08 - Standard Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4174-23 - Standard Practice for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Petroleum Fluid Hydraulic Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F303-08(2023)e1 - Standard Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F312-08(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F331-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F309-18 - Standard Practice for Liquid Sampling of Noncryogenic Aerospace Propellants
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F310-07(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cryogenic Aerospace Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6439-23 - Standard Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F302-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6224-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3335-20 - Standard Guide for Assessing the Removal of Additive Manufacturing Residues in Medical Devices Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM G131-96(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Cleaning of Materials and Components by Ultrasonic Techniques
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F311–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for Particulate
Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Filters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 311; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F 312 Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
1.1 This practice covers the processing of liquids in prepa-
ration for particulate contamination analysis using membrane
3. Terminology Definition
filters and is limited only by the liquid-to-membrane filter
3.1 filtered liquid dispenser—as used in this practice, a
compatibility.
dispensercapableofdeliveringrinseliquidthroughafilterwith
1.2 The practice covers the procedure for filtering a mea-
pore size no larger than half the size of the smallest particle
sured volume of liquid through a membrane filter. When this
being considered for measurement.
practice is used, the particulate matter will be randomly
distributed on the filter surface for subsequent contamination
4. Significance and Use
analysis methods.
4.1 This practice provides for the processing of liquid
1.3 The practice describes procedures to allow handling
samples obtained in accordance with Practice F 302 and
particles in the size range between 2 and 50 µm with minimum
PracticesF 303.Itwillprovidetheoptimumsampleprocessing
losses during handling.
for visual contamination methods such as Method F 312, and
2. Referenced Documents Test Method F 314.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus and Materials
D 287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
2 5.1 Filtration Funnel—The funnel opening in contact with
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
the membrane shall be approximately 35.0 mm in inside
D 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile
3 diameter. The effective area shall be calibrated. If the funnel is
Organic Liquids
4 to be used for measuring the sample volume, the funnel shall
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
be calibrated within 62 % of the required volume.
D 1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile
5.2 Membrane Filter Support—Either a fritted-glass,
Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
sintered-metal, or stainless steel screen may be used. The
Products
3 support shall be so designed as to enable attachment to a
D 1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
vacuum flask.
D 2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 Percent
5 5.3 Vacuum Flask.
Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Type
5.4 Funnel-Holding Device—A provision should be made
F 302 Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in
6 for the dissipation of static electricity from the funnel.
Containers
5.5 A clean bench or hood, supplied with unidirectional
F 303 Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Com-
6 flow filtered air, in which uncovered components may be
ponents
placed.
5.6 Vacuum Source—Minimum vacuum gage reading of 61
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space kPa (or other metric units acceptable to ASTM).
Simulation andApplication of SpaceTechnologies and is the direct responsibility of
5.7 Forceps, unserrated tips.
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
5.8 Filtered Liquid Dispenser.
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally
5.9 Membrane Filter, pore size no greater than half the size
published as D 2391 – 69. Redesignated F 311 in 1970. Last previous edition
F 311 – 78 (1992).
of the smallest particle being considered for measurement.The
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
filter shall have an imprinted grid on 3.10 6 0.02-mm centers.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.
6 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F311–97 (2002)
The color shall be chosen to provide maximum contrast with 7. Preparation of Apparatus
the particulate contamination to be observed.
7.1 Wash the apparatus thoroughly in a solution of liquid
detergent and hot water and rinse with hot tap water (Note 3).
NOTE 1—When testing military hydraulic fluids, a white cellulose
membrane of 0.45-µm pore size, capable of filtering 80 mL of distilled
Rinse with filtered isopropyl alcohol to remove the water; then
water per square centimeter per minute at 93 kPa (or other metric units
rinse twice with filtered solvent.
acceptable to ASTM) and 25°C is required.
NOTE 3—Distilled or deionized water shall be used in areas where
5.10 Petri Dishes, glass. Plastic Petri dishes may be used
hardness or contamination increase the blank count over the allowable
only if the selected plastic is known to be compatible with the
level.
filtered liquid.
7.2 Sample Bottle Preparation—Repeat the procedure of
5.11 Glass Bottles, small-mouth, screw-capped, perma-
7.1 for both the sample bottles and caps, then allow them to
nently marked to indicate sample volume.
drip dry. Place a piece of plastic film that has been rinsed with
5.12 Plastic Film, 0.002-in. (0.05-mm) minimum thickness.
filtered liquid over the mouth of the bottle. Hold the film while
5.13 Contrasting Pigment Suspension, to be used in calibra-
screwing on the cap to prevent the film from rotating.
tion of the funnel.
5.14 Slides, glass, 50 by 50-mm.
NOTE 4—It is important to hold the film when applying and removing
5.15 Tape, transparent, pressure-sensitive. the cap to prevent serration.
8. Funnel Calibration
6. Reagents and Materials
8.1 Disperse a small quantity of pigment into 100 mL of
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
liquid in a glass bottle. Prepare for a filtration as described in
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
9.1. Filter the suspension through the membrane filter and
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
allow to dry. Release the vacuum and remove the membrane
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
filter. Place the membrane on
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