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ASTM E336-97e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings

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1.1 Measures of Acoustical Insulation- This test method covers procedures for determining the sound insulation between two rooms in a building. The evaluation may be made including all paths by which sound is transmitted or attention may be focused only on the dividing partition. The word "partition" in this test method includes all types of walls, floors, or any other boundaries separating two spaces. The boundaries may be permanent, operable, or movable.  
1.2 Application to Building Specifications:  
1.2.1 Sound Transmission Class or Transmission Loss Specifications- Building specifications may require that partitions have a certain minimum sound transmission class (STC) or transmission losses (TL). When it is required to demonstrate that a specific partition in a finished building complies with such specifications, a test satisfying the requirements of Annex A1 will be required.  
1.2.1.1 Measurements may be made in accordance with the main body of this test method and with the requirements in Annex A1 without taking any steps to eliminate flanking transmission along paths other than that through the common partition. Transmission loss values can then be calculated as though the partition in question were the only transmission path. These apparent transmission loss values give a lower limit for the performance of the partition. Clearly when these values exceed the specifications, no further investigation is needed. If the partition is apparently not in compliance, then the procedures described in Annex A2 to reduce flanking transmission should be followed and the partition re-tested.  
1.2.2 Sound Isolation Specifications- where a building code specifies minimum values of noise isolation class (NIC) or normalized noise isolation class (NNIC), then only the procedures in the main body of the test method are necessary. Of the available single-number ratings, NNIC relates best to occupant satisfaction in an occupied building.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1997
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.03 - Sound Transmission
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E336-97 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Replaced By
ASTM E336-05 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM E557-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Architectural Design and Installation Practices for Sound Isolation between Spaces Separated by Operable Partitions
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E2249-19 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements Using Sound Intensity
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E1704-95(2018) - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E966-18a - Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E2964-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM C919-22 - Standard Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E413-22 - Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E492-22 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E2179-21 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the Effectiveness of Floor Coverings in Reducing Impact Sound Transmission Through Concrete Floors
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997
Referred By
ASTM E1414/E1414M-21a - Standard Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Between Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
Effective Date
10-Mar-1997

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ASTM E336-97e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in BuildingsASTM E336-97e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
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ASTM E336-97e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:E336–97
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Equation 3 was editorially revised in August 2003.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of
building elements. It is designed to measure the sound isolation between two rooms or the
performance of a partition element installed as an interior part of a building. Others in the set cover
the airborne sound transmission loss of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory
environment (Test Method E90), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through
floors(TestMethodE492),themeasurementofimpactsoundtransmissioninbuildings(TestMethod
E1007),themeasurementofsoundtransmissionthroughbuildingfacadesandfacadeelements(Guide
E966), the measurement of sound transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test
Method E1414), a quick method for the determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit
buildings (Practice E597), and the measurement of sound transmission through door panels and
systems (Test Method E1408).
1. Scope though the partition in question were the only transmission
path. These apparent transmission loss values give a lower
1.1 Measures of Acoustical Insulation—This test method
limit for the performance of the partition. Clearly when these
covers procedures for determining the sound insulation be-
values exceed the specifications, no further investigation is
tween two rooms in a building. The evaluation may be made
needed. If the partition is apparently not in compliance, then
including all paths by which sound is transmitted or attention
the procedures described in Annex A2 to reduce flanking
may be focused only on the dividing partition. The word
transmission should be followed and the partition retested.
“partition” in this test method includes all types of walls,
1.2.2 Sound Isolation Specifications—Where a building
floors, or any other boundaries separating two spaces. The
code specifies minimum values of noise isolation class (NIC)
boundaries may be permanent, operable, or movable.
or normalized noise isolation class (NNIC), then only the
1.2 Application to Building Specifications:
procedures in the main body of the test method are necessary.
1.2.1 Sound Transmission Class or Transmission Loss
Of the available single number ratings, NNIC relates best to
Specifications—Building specifications may require that parti-
occupant satisfaction in an occupied building.
tions have a certain minimum sound transmission class (STC)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ortransmissionlosses(TL).Whenitisrequiredtodemonstrate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that a specific partition in a finished building complies with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
such specifications, a test satisfying the requirements ofAnnex
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
A1 will be required.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2.1.1 Measurements may be made in accordance with the
main body of this test method and with the requirements in
2. Referenced Documents
Annex A1 without taking any steps to eliminate flanking
2.1 ASTM Standards:
transmission along paths other than that through the common
2
C634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
partition. Transmission loss values can then be calculated as
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement ofAirborne
2
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
2
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-33 on E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.03on
Sound Transmission.
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published August 1997. Originally
2
published as E336–71. Last previous edition E336–96.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
E336–97
E492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact logarithm of the ratio, of the airborne sound power incident on
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies the partition to the sound power transmitted by the partition
2
Using the Tapping Mac
...

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5.1 Measurement of the sound absorption of a room is part of the procedure for other acoustical measurements, such as determining the sound power level of a noise source or the sound transmission loss of a partition. It is also used in certain calculations such as predicting the sound pressure level in a room when the sound power level of a noise source in the room is known.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The main part of this standard uses procedures originally developed for laboratory measurements of the sound transmission loss of partitions. These procedures assume that the rooms in which the measurements are performed have a sound field that reasonably approximates a diffuse field. Sound pressure levels in such rooms are reasonably uniform throughout the room and average levels vary inversely with the logarithm of the room sound absorption. Not all rooms will satisfy these conditions. Experience and controlled studies (1)6 have shown that the test method is applicable to smaller spaces normally used for work or living, such as rooms in multi-family dwellings, hotel guest rooms, meeting rooms, and offices with volumes less than 150 m3. The measures appropriate for such spaces are NR, NNR, and ATL. The corresponding single number ratings are NIC, NNIC and ASTC. The ATL and ASTC are measurable between larger spaces that meet a limitation on absorption in the spaces to provide uniform sound distribution.  
5.2 Annex A1 was developed for use in spaces that are very large (volume of 150 m3 or greater). Sound pressure levels during testing vary markedly across large rooms so that the degree of isolation varies strongly with distance from the common (separating) partition. This procedure evaluates the isolation observed near the partition. The appropriate measure is NR, and the appropriate single number rating is NIC.  
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1.1 The sound isolation between two spaces in a building is influenced most strongly by a combination of the direct transmission through the nominally separating building element (as normally measured in a laboratory) and any transmission along a number of indirect paths, referred to as flanking paths. Fig. 1 illustrates the direct paths (D) and some possible structural flanking paths (F). Additional non-structural flanking paths include transmission through common air ducts between rooms, or doors to the corridor from adjacent rooms. Sound isolation is also influenced by the size of the separating partition between spaces and absorption in the receiving space, and in the case of small spaces by modal behavior of the space and close proximity to surfaces.
FIG. 1 Direct (D) and Some Indirect or Flanking Paths (F and Dotted) in a Building  
1.2 The main part of this test method defines procedures and metrics to assess the sound isolation between two rooms or portions thereof in a building separated by a common partition or the apparent sound insulation of the separating partition, including both direct and flanking transmission paths in all cases. Appropriate measures and their single number ratings are the noise reduction (NR) and noise isolation class (NIC) which indicate the isolation with the receiving room furnished as it is during the test, the normalized noise reduction (NNR) and normalized noise isolation class (NNIC) which indicate the isolation expected if the receiving room was a normally furnished living or office space that is at least 25 m3 (especially useful when the test must be done with the receiving room unfurnished), and the apparent transmission loss (ATL) and apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) which indicate the apparent sound insulating properties of a separating partition including both the direct transmission and flanking transmission through the support structure. The measurement of ATL ...

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4.1 The sound absorption of a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the way in which the material is mounted over the surface. The mountings specified in these practices are intended to simulate in the laboratory conditions that exist in normal use.  
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5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
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1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
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ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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