ASTM D7704-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer by Potentiometric Titration
Standard Test Method for Total Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer by Potentiometric Titration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of total aldehydes in styrene monomer. Total aldehydes are calculated and reported as benzaldehyde.
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.013 mass%. The Limit of Detection (LOD) is 0.0006 mass% and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.0020 mass%. The LOD and LOQ were calculated based on the data in Table 1.
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7704 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Total Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer by Potentiometric
1
Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
Products
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
of total aldehydes in styrene monomer. Total aldehydes are
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
calculated and reported as benzaldehyde.
terials
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
concentrations to 0.013 mass%. The Limit of Detection (LOD)
Determine Conformance with Specifications
is 0.0006 mass% and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
0.0020 mass%. The LOD and LOQ were calculated based on
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the data in Table 1.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
3
method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off
1910.1200
in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 An alcoholic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
is added to a specimen of styrene monomer. Active aldehydes
standard.
present react in accordance with Eq 1:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
RCHO1NH OH·HCl→RCHNOH1H O1HCl (1)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2 2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The amount of hydrochloric acid released, which is equiva-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
lent to the aldehyde present in the sample, is titrated with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standard alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.
For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the product.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Interferences
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Ketones, if present, interfere by partially reacting with
2
the reagent.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.2 Methanol used in this procedure may partially react with
aldehydes to form (hemi)acetals.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
6. Apparatus
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic
6.1 Titration Vessel, 150 mL.
Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally
6.2 Combined pH – Glass Electrode, dedicated for non-
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7704 – 16. DOI:
aqueous liquids.
10.1520/D7704-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7704 − 24
6.3 Stirring Bar, 30 mm. 8. Hazards
8.1 Consult the latest OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety
6.4 Titration Stand with stirrer.
Data Sheets, and local regulations regarding all materials used
6.5 Pipets, 25 mL.
in this test method.
6.6 Volumetric Flasks, 100 mL.
8.2 Styrene monomer is flammable and polymerizes exo-
6.7 Burets, 5 mL. (Microburets are pre
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7704 − 16 D7704 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Total Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer by Potentiometric
1
Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of total aldehydes in styrene monomer. Total aldehydes are calculated
and reported as benzaldehyde. The Range of Concentration for this test method is 0.004 weight % to 0.013 weight %.
1.2 Limit This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.013 mass%. The Limit of Detection (LOD)
and is 0.0006 mass% and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.0006 and 0.0020 weight %, respectively 0.0020 mass%. The LOD
and LOQ were calculated based on the data in Table 1.
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard with
the exception: weight % should be used rather than mass %.standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2024. Published October 2016January 2024. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 as
D7704 – 12.D7704 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7704-16.10.1520/D7704-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7704 − 24
2.2 Other Documents:
3
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.1200
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 An alcoholic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride is added to a specimen of styrene monomer. Active aldehydes present
react in accordance with Eq 1:
RCHO1NH OH·HCl→RCHNOH1H O1HCl (1)
2 2
The amount of hydrochloric acid released, which is equivalent to the aldehyde present in the sample, is titrated with standard
alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the
product.
5. Interferences
5.1 Ketones, if present, interfere by partially reacting with the reagent.
5.2 Methanol used in this procedure may partially react with aldehydes to form (hemi)acetals.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Titration Vessel, 150 mL.
6.2 Combined pH – Glass Electrode, dedicated for non-aqueous liquids.
6.3 Stirring Bar, 30 mm.
6.4 Titration Stand with stirrer.
6.5 Pi
...
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