ASTM C198-09(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The data developed by this test method show the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of air-setting mortar. The procedures described in this test method measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of refractory brick.
3.2 Note that it is possible to obtain results with these methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incompatible for use at high operating temperatures. The user must determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combinations known or intended to be compatible for a particular use should be tested.
3.3 Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement of both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of rupture of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C133, should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The testing of specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is preferred.
3.4 Three modes of failure are available: the break may occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or within the mortar itself. The latter provides a practical measurement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the predominant mode of failure with the four-point flexure test described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure strength of the brick-mortar composite. Failure within the brick itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is of the same magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick. The mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
3.5 A ruggedness test for this test method3 performed in 1985 found the following variables to be rugged: specimen size (2.5 to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint thickness (1/16 to 1/8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bonding strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of oven-dried brick-mortar joints.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C198 − 09 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-
setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond-
refractory brick.
ing strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the
flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of 3.2 Note that it is possible to obtain results with these
oven-dried brick-mortar joints. methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incom-
patible for use at high operating temperatures. The user must
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combina-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
tions known or intended to be compatible for a particular use
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
should be tested.
and are not considered standard.
3.3 Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rupture of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C133,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The
testing of specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is
2. Referenced Documents
2 preferred.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 Three modes of failure are available: the break may
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
within the mortar itself. The latter provides a practical mea-
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
surement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the
lus of Rupture of Refractories
predominant mode of failure with the four-point flexure test
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured
described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure
CarbonandGraphiteArticlesUsingFour-PointLoadingat
strengthofthebrick-mortarcomposite.Failurewithinthebrick
Room Temperature
itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is of the same
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick. The
ASTM Test Methods
mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.5 A ruggedness test for this test method performed in
1985foundthefollowingvariablestoberugged:specimensize
3. Significance and Use
(2.5 to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint
1 1
3.1 The data developed by this test method show the
thickness ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus slow), the
bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of
loading rate (500 to 1000 lbf/min), the method of load
air-setting mortar.The procedures described in this test method
application (3- versus 4-point), and the operator.
3.6 The cold bonding strengths of refractory mortars ob-
tained by this test method are suitable for use in research and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
development, quality control, and for establishing and evalu-
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally
ating compliance with specifications between producers and
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C198 – 09. DOI:
consumers.
10.1520/C0198-09R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:C08-1008.ContactASTMCustomer
the ASTM website. Service at service@astm.org.
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C198 − 09 (2013)
4. Apparatus L)). If the weight of the commercial container is appreciably
more than 10 lb, the contents of the container shall be
1 1
4.1 Brick—At least five 9 by 4 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2-in. (230 by 114 by
thoroughly mixed in the container, or transferred without loss
65-mm) straight brick having plane surfaces and true rectan-
to a clean impervious receptacle of larger size and mixed
gular shape and an average modulus of rupture higher than that
thoroughly to a uniform consistency. A10 lb test sample shall
expected from the mortar under test, when determined in
then be taken and placed in a suitable covered container
accordance with Test Methods C133, compose a sample.
resistant to the possible corrosive action of the mortar.
4.2 Spacing Rods—Two joint-thickness spacing rods made
of ⁄16-in. (2-mm) diameter drill rod cut into 4-in. (102-mm) 5.2 Dry Mortars—The sample of mortar submitted shall be
lengths.
a prepared test sample of 10 lb (4.5 kg) or a larger quantity,
such as a 50 or 100-lb (23 or 45-kg) bag from which a 10-lb
4.3 Oven—Adrying oven to accommodate at least five 9-in.
(4.5 kg) sample may be obtained using acceptable sampling
(230-mm) straight brick standing on end, and for use at 220 to
procedures. The 10-lb (4.5 kg) sample should be thoroughly
230°F (105 to 110°C).
mixed with water to a uniform, troweling consistency and
4.4 Testing Machine—A standard mechanical or hydraulic
stored in a covered container (resistant to possible corrosive
compression testing machine conforming to the requirements
action by the mortar) for at least 16 h prior to the test.
of Practices E4 and having a sensitivity of 20 lbf or less in the
range from 0 to 4000 lbf (17.8 kN) may be used.
NOTE 1—Reaction of phosphoric acid or aluminum phosphate with
metallics may cause the development of hydrogen gas in some mortars.
4.5 Loading Fixture—The fixtures shall provide load bear-
Therefore, the container should be covered only to minimize moisture
ing blocks which ensure that the forces are applied normal to
loss, not tightly sealed.
the beam without eccentricity. The directions of loads and
reactions may be maintained parallel by judicious use of
6. Procedure
linkages, roller bearings, and flexure plates. Eccentricity of
6.1 Cut each of the bricks of the sample (see Note 2) into
loading can be avoided by the use of spherical bearings.
1 1
two equal parts on a plane parallel to the 2 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄4-in. (65 by
4.5.1 Test Methods C133 provide illustrations of three-point
1 1
114-mm) face. Use the uncut 2 ⁄2 by-4 ⁄4 in. face of each dry
loading fixtures which meet the above requirements. One
half-brick to form the mortar joint. The test mortar shall be of
acceptable four-point loading fixture is illustrated in Test
troweling consistency; this may require the addition of small
Method C78. Another is illustrated in Test Method C651. The
amounts of water, followed by thorough mixing. Place ap-
span length, L, of the support blocks shall be 7.00 6 0.05 in.
(178 6 1 mm). The span length, l, of the load-applying blocks proximately double the quantity of mortar required to form a
for four-point loading shall be 2.33 6 0.05 in. (59 6 1 mm) joint ⁄16 in. (2 mm) in thickness on the uncut and horizontally
(see Figs. 1 and 2). placed face of one half-brick. Place two spacing rods in the
1 3
mortar parallel to the 2 ⁄2 in. (65 mm) edges of the brick and ⁄4
5. Sampling
in. (19 mm)
...
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