iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4504-94(2011)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods

Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance requirements and test methods for molded polyethylene open-head, self-supporting, and nonreusable pails used in packaging and transporting nonhazardous goods. The products for packaging in the open-head pails may be in liquid, solid, past, granular, or powder form. Each pail is classified as either pails for liquids or pails for nonliquids. Materials for the manufacture of the pails should be compatible with the intended contents. Carbon black or other suitable pigments may be used for ultraviolet protection if needed. Each pail should conform to the required values of capacity, closure, drop strength, stacking strength, amount of column stack vibratioin, compatibility permeation, resistance to environmental stress cracking, and other special requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the packaging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials) shall be in accordance with and tested to United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish performance requirements and test methods for molded open-head polyethylene pails.
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are left to the discretion of the supplier, within the allowable limits of regulatory and performance requirements.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2011
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4504-94(2005) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D4504-94(2018) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Referred By
ASTM D5998-16 - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Shipping and Storage Drums
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011

Buy Standard

ASTM D4504-94(2011) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous GoodsASTM D4504-94(2011) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM D4504-94(2011) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4504 −94 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial
Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the pack-
tainers
aging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to
D1972Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
D1975Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resis-
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials)
tance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head Pails
shall be in accordance with and tested to United States
D4577Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-
Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations
tainer Under Constant Load
(CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
D5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish perfor- Free Fall
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
mance requirements and test methods for molded open-head
polyethylene pails.
2.2 Other Documents:
National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC)
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are
Uniform Freight Classification (UFC)
lefttothediscretionofthesupplier,withintheallowablelimits
Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Parts 100–199 (CFR
of regulatory and performance requirements.
49)
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
and are not considered standard.
specification, see Terminology D996.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
methodportions,Section10,ofthisspecification:This standard
3.2.1 open-head pail—a pail with a full-diameter unre-
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
stricted opening at the top, and designed to be carried by hand.
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
The pail body is usually of a tapered design to provide for
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
nesting of pails during transportation and storage, prior to
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
filling of contents. After filling of contents, the pail lid is
to use.
applied to the pail body, providing a sealed container for
2. Referenced Documents
storage and shipment of the contents. The pail lid may also
2 have openings or fitments to allow for dispensing of contents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
without removing the lid. These openings are sealed with
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
closures.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The definition for open-head pail for
ity)
hazardous materials differs (see Section 49 CFR Parts 100 to
199).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. (NMFTA),
´1
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4504–94 (2005) . 1001 N. Fairfax St., Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314, http://www.nmfta.org.
DOI: 10.1520/D4504-94R11. Available from National Railroad Freight Committee, Suite 1120, 222 South
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4504−94 (2011)
4. Classification 7.3 Closure—The closure for the pail (when used) shall be
in compliance with carrier regulatory requirements and shall
4.1 Products to be packaged in open-head pails may be
ensureprotectionofcontentsfromleakage,easeofclosure,and
liquid (Note 1), solid, paste, granular, or powder form.
removal.Gaskets,whenusedwiththeclosure,andtheclosure,
NOTE 1—For the purpose of establishing test requirements, a liquid is
shall be compatible with the intended contents.
heredefinedashavingaviscosityoflessthan5.0Pa.Satatemperatureof
7.4 Drop Strength— The pails shall show no evidence of
73.46 3.6°F (23 6 2°C), using the method described in Test Method
D445.
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
10.2.1.
4.2 Molded polyethylene open-head pails are classified as
follows:
7.5 Stacking Strength—Two vertically stacked pails shall
4.2.1 Pails for liquids.
withstand testing without sidewall buckling sufficient to cause
4.2.2 Pails for nonliquids.
damage and shall have a total top-to-bottom deflection of both
pails of not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm), when tested in
5. Ordering Information
accordance with 10.2.2. In addition, there shall be no evidence
of leakage or sifting of contents from the pail when tested in
5.1 A summary of ordering requirements, detailed in other
accordance with 10.2.2.2.
sections of this specification include the following:
5.1.1 Materials of construction (see Section 6).
7.6 Vibration (Stack)—The pails shall show no evidence of
5.1.2 Ultraviolet protection (see 6.2).
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
5.1.3 Other materials not specifically covered in this speci-
10.2.3.
fication (see 6.3 and 6.4).
7.7 Repetitive Shock Test (Optional)—The pails shall show
5.1.4 Pail capacity (see 7.2).
no evidence of rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in
5.1.5 Closure requirements, including tamper evident fea-
accordance with 10.2.4.
ture (see 7.3).
7.8 Compatibility, Permeation—The pail shall perform sat-
5.1.6 Provisions for handling.
isfactorily when tested in accordance with 10.2.5.
5.1.7 Compatibility testing (see 7.8 and 7.9).
5.1.8 Inspection (see Section 11).
7.9 Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking—The pail
5.1.9 Marking (see Section 13).
shall perform satisfactorily when tested in accordance with
5.1.10 Intended contents.
10.2.5.3.
5.1.11 Whether pressure testing is required.
7.10 Special Requirements—Pailrequirements,additionalto
those in 7.2 through 7.9, if needed by a purchaser, must be
6. Materials
specified in the procurement document and as agreed between
6.1 Materials for the construction of the pail shall be
purchaser and supplier.
compatible with the intended contents. Effects of impact,
vibration, temperature, warehouse stacking, and ultraviolet
8. Sampling
exposure should be considered.
8.1 Lotting—A lot shall consist of all pails of one size and
6.2 If ultraviolet protection is required, it shall be provided
design,producedfromthesamematerialsandunderessentially
bytheadditionofcarbonblackorothersuitablepigmentswith
the same manufacturing conditions and offered for delivery at
ultraviolet stabilizers and inhibitors.These additives should be
one time.
compatible with the contents and should retain their effective-
8.2 Sampling Pails— Select sample pails for test at random
ness during the life of the pail.
from a continuous production lot. As a minimum, the number
6.3 Materials for purposes other than ultraviolet protection
of pails required is 17 as outlined for design qualification tests
may be added, provided such additives permit the pail to meet
(see Section 10 and Supplementary Requirements).
the requirements of this specification.
6.4 Used materials, except regrind from the same concur- 9. Specimen Preparation
rent production process shall not be acceptable for manufac-
9.1 Prepare pail specimens in accordance with NMFC, item
turing new pails unless otherwise specified.
258 and UFC Rule 40, where applicable, and as agreed
between the pail purchaser and supplier.
7. Other Requirements
7.1 The pail shall show good workmanship such as absence 10. Methods of Testing Pails for Design Qualification
of flashing, dents, and scratched surfaces.
10.1 General—The test procedures described in this section
7.2 Capacity—Pails covered by this specification shall be are to be used to determine physical performance capability of
rangeinrated(marked)capacityfrom1to7gal(3.8to26.5L). aspecificdesignandthereby,toqualifysuchadesignunderthe
Minimum actual liquid capacity shall not be less than rated performance requirements of this specification. Additional
capacity plus 4%, and maximum actual capacity shall not be sampling and testing of these pails, as may be agreed upon
greaterthan4%aboveratedcapacityplusonequart,measured between purchaser and supplier, is not precluded by this
with cover attached and contents and pail at 73.4 6 5°F (23.8 section. Test methods to determine compatibility of the con-
6 3°C). tents (lading) with the pail will depend on the specific conten
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D4169-23e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of shipping units in accordance with a uniform system, using established test methods at levels representative of those occurring in actual distribution. The recommended test levels are based on available information on the shipping and handling environment, and current industry/government practice and experience (1-13).6 The tests should be performed sequentially on the same containers in the order given. For use as a performance test, this practice requires that the shipping unit tested remain unopened until the sequence of tests are completed. If used for other purposes, such as package development, it may be useful to open and inspect shipping units at various times throughout the sequence. This may, however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container closure on container performance.  
4.2 For Distribution Cycle 18, as referred to in MIL-STD-2073–1, the use of this practice is defined in subsequent sections identified as DC-18.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.  
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.  
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D999-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in all transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.  
4.2 Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to package or product failure. Identification of critical frequencies, and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.  
4.3 Vibration tests should be based on representative field data. When possible, the confidence level may be improved by comparing laboratory test results with actual field shipment data. It is highly recommended that one understand the most common failures to one’s products and packaging in distribution, and then attempt to replicate those failures in the laboratory. Once such replication is established, then that test can become the minimum necessary test for future packaged products to pass.  
4.4 Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its interior packaging, means of closure, and contents. These tests allow analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
4.5 Methods A1 and A2, Repetitive Shock Tests,  are suitable for tests of individual containers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle and may be suitable for tests of containers that might be subjected to repetitive shocks due to magnification of vibrations in unit loads or stacks.
Note 1: Methods A1 and A2 produce different vibration motions, and therefore, will generate different forces which may result in different damage modes and intensities. Results from these two methods may not correlate with one another.  
4.6 Method B, Single Container Resonance Test,  tests or determines the ability of an individual container and its inter...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container, with its interior packing and means of closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable for testing containers of any form, material, kind, design of interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight. They are not intended for determining the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended for tests of products in their operational configuration as other more suitable procedures are available for these purposes.2,3  
1.2 The following methods appear:
Method A1—Repetitive Shock Test (Vertical Motion).
Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Stack Resonance Test.  
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) containing liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method D7387.  
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.  
1.7 This internatio...

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1596-14(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics of Packaging Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dynamic cushioning test data obtained by this test method are applicable to the cushioning material and not necessarily the same as obtained in a package. In addition to the influence of the package, the data can also be affected by the specimen area, thickness, loading rate, and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for obtaining dynamic shock cushioning characteristics of packaging materials through acceleration-time data achieved from dropping a falling guided platen assembly onto a motionless sample. This test method does not address any effects or contributions of exterior packaging assemblies.  
1.2 The data acquired may be used for a single point or for use in developing a dynamic cushion curve for the specific material being tested. Such data may be used for comparison among different materials at specific input conditions, or qualifying materials against performance specifications. Caution should be used when attempting to compare data from different methods or when using such data for predicting in-package performance. Depending upon the particular materials of concern, correlation of such data (from among differing procedures or for predicting in–package performance) may be highly variable.
Note 1: Alternative and related method for possible consideration is Test Method D4168.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3332-99(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide the user with data on product shock fragility that can be used in choosing optimum-cushioning materials for shipping containers or for product design modification.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the shock fragility of products. This fragility information may be used in designing shipping containers for transporting the products. It may also be used to improve product ruggedness. Unit or consumer packages, which are transported within an outer container, are considered to be the product for the purposes of these test methods. Two test methods are outlined, as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A is used first, to determine the product's critical velocity change.  
1.1.2 Test Method B is used second, to determine the product's critical acceleration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7932-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a standard means for testing and measuring the performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time. This specification includes standard laboratory test methods to simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associated degradation of required performance characteristics. The data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria between a supplier and customer. This specification covers the physical properties of the labels, as well as workmanship, finish and appearance, acceptance criteria, testing procedures, reporting of all the steps taken, certification, and preparation for delivery.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides a standard means to test and measure performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4577-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Container Under Constant Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the distribution system for many products there is a phase wherein the packaged product may be stored for a period of time in a manner such that one or more containers are superimposed one upon the other. Failure can occur in any layer4 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3).
FIG. 1 Containers Under Constant Load of Dead Weights Imposed by Other Containers
FIG. 2 Container Under Constant Load of Dead Weights
FIG. 3 Containers Under Constant Load in Compression Test Machine With Fixed Platen  
4.2 This test method subjects a container, empty or filled, to a predetermined static load, and to specified atmospheric conditions, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the resistance of a shipping container to a vertically applied constant load for either a specified time or to failure. The test method may also be used for palletized or unitized load configurations.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3950-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonmetallic strapping and joining methods for closing, reinforcing, and bundling materials for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for car and truck loading. The strappings are classified into five types according to the type of materials used. If necessary, seals and buckles made from steel with zinc, black iron oxide, or any equivalent corrosion protective coatings or plastic buckles may be used. Each sample should be collected and tested using the given procedures and should conform to the required values of breaking strength and elongation, transverse strength, and joint strength, when applicable, for each strapping type.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping and joining methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, and bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for car loading and truck loading.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8410-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Evaluation of Cellulosic-Fiber-Based Packaging Materials and Products for Compostability in Municipal or Industrial Aerobic Composting Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cellulosic-fiber-based packaging materials and products associated with food, landscape waste, and other compost feedstocks, which are intended to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.  
1.2 This specification covers cellulosic-based uncoated and coated packaging materials and products and covers whole packaging products. Products covered in this specification include cellulosic fiber-based products produced from cellulosic pulp, corrugated materials, containerboard, paper, paperboard, and molded fiber.  
1.3 This specification excludes end items where thermoplastic polymer is laminated or extruded to cellulosic substrates.  
1.4 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling cellulosic-fiber-based packaging materials and products as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities” in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Federal Trade Commission,2 provided the label includes proper qualifications as to the availability of such facilities.  
1.5 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if packaging materials and products will compost satisfactorily in large-scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting where maximum throughput is a high priority and where intermediate stages of biodegradation must not be apparent to the end user for aesthetic reasons.  
1.6 This specification is technically equivalent to ISO 18606.1.7.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4675-14a(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials1

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to assist the user in selecting strapping material(s) and application method(s) for evaluation when subjected to handling, transit, and storage tests. It describes general load, unit and package types, strapping properties, strapping performance, weight considerations, shear planes, component frictional characteristics, and geometry.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide1 covers information on flat strapping materials (steel and nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and information on suggested application methods for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, bundling, unitizing, or palletizing), and loading applications (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle). The use applies to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.  
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that (in some cases) specify the type of strap, the minimum size or strength, the type of joint or seal, and the number of straps, seals, and joints that must be used for particular types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements. (See 2.2.)  
1.3 Limitations—This guide is not intended to give specific information as to how strapping must be used in any particular packaging or loading situation. Rather, it is intended to be informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for the testing of strapping being considered by the user. Thorough user testing is essential, as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence strap selection (size and type), and application methods.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4279-95(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are normally used for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 To evaluate materials and constructions for a specific type of container,  
4.1.2 To compare performance of different types of containers,  
4.1.3 To determine adequacy of protection for a specific product or application, and  
4.1.4 To maintain quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as follows:  
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and  
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclosing.  
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant and cycle methods of test atmosphere.  
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method D782), vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), impact resistance (Test Methods D880, D4003, and D5277), or performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.  
1.4 For small shipping containers requiring greater accuracy in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined in accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off