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ASTM D3574-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams

Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to slab, bonded, and molded flexible cellular products known as urethane foams. Urethane foam may be generally defined as an expanded cellular product produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and isocyanates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard, however certain test methods in this standard have similar or equivalent ISO standards and are listed in the Scope of the individual test method sections.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
83.100 - Cellular materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3574-01 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1410-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Cellular Melamine Thermal and Sound-Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1085-19 - Standard Specification for Mattress and Box Springs for Use in Berths in Marine Vessels
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3676-18 - Standard Specification for Rubber Cellular Cushion Used for Carpet or Rug Underlay
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1594-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1821-19e2 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toddler Beds
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2085-19 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Portable Bed Rails
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM C168-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5672/D5672M-22 - Standard Test Method for Testing Flexible Cellular Materials Measurement of Indentation Force Deflection Using a 25-mm [1-in.] Deflection Technique
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3489-23 - Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1551-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2061-23 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation Vehicles
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001

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ASTM D3574-95 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsASTM D3574-95 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
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ASTM D3574-95 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3574 – 95
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded
1
Urethane Foams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope small pieces of urethane foam to each other with a suitable
bonding agent.
1.1 These test methods apply to slab, bonded, and molded
3.1.2 core—the internal portion of a molded part, free of
flexible cellular products known as urethane foams. Urethane
skin.
foam may be generally defined as an expanded cellular product
3.1.3 flexible cellular product—a cellular organic polymeric
produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds,
material that will not rupture when a specimen 200 by 25 by 25
water, and isocyanates.
mm is bent around a 25-mm diameter mandrel at a uniform rate
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of1lap in5sata temperature between 18 and 29°C.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 molded foam—a cellular product having the shape of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the enclosed chamber in which it is produced by foaming.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 skin—the smooth surface layer of a molded foam
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
product, formed by contact with the mold or surfaces.
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe
3.1.6 slab—a section of foam that is cut from the internal
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
portion of a large bun.
flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
3.1.7 urethane foam—a flexible cellular product produced
describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,
by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
isocyanates.
results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard
assessment or a fire risk assessment which takes into account
4. Summary of Test Methods
all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the
4.1 Unless specifically stated otherwise between the sup-
fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
plier and the purchaser, all tests shall be made in accordance
2. Referenced Documents with the methods specified in Sections 9-124 which include test
procedures for the following:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Tests: Sections
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
Test A Density Test 9-15
2
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers— Tension
Test B Indentation Force Deflection Test—Specified
1
D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method
Deflection 16-22
2
Test B Indentation Force Deflection Test—Specified
2
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries
Force 23-29
E 162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
Test C Compression Force Deflection Test 30-36
3
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source Test D Constant Deflection Compression Set Test 37-44
Test E Tension Test 45-52
NOTE 1—The specific dated edition of Practice D 4483 that prevails in
Test F Tear Resistance Test 53-60
this document is referenced in the Precision and Bias section. Test G Air Flow Test 61-67
Test H Resilience (Ball Rebound) Test 68-75
Test I Static Force Loss Test at Constant Deflection
3. Terminology 1
77-85
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Test I Dynamic Fatigue Test by the Roller Shear at
2
Constant Force, 86-94
3.1.1 bonded foam—a product produced by the adhesion of
Test I Dynamic Fatigue Test by Constant Force
3
Pounding 95-103
Test I Dynamic Fatigue Test for Carpet Cushion 104-112
4
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
Test J Steam Autoclave Aging 113-118
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
Test K Dry Heat Aging 119-124
Plastics.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally Appendixes:
published as D 3574 – 77. Last previous edition D 3574 – 91.
X1. Suggested Method for Specifying Flexible Urethane Foams
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3574
care not to distort the foam.
X2. Suggested Method of Construction for a Roller Shear Dynamic Flex Fa-
tigue Apparat
...

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5.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed have the potential to give considerable value in comparing physical properties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.  
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4.1 This test method provides information regarding the behavior of cellular materials under compressive loads. Test data is obtained, and from a complete load-deformation curve it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any load (such as compressive stress at proportional-limit load or compressive strength at maximum load) and to compute the effective modulus of elasticity.  
4.2 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load - time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
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ASTM D1623-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics

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This test method establishes standard procedure for determining the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular plastics in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens: Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen; Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.; Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate. This test method requires the use of the following apparatuses: a constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type testing machine; self-aligning type grips for holding test specimens; an extension indicator; and a lathe specimen cutter.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.  
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1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.  
1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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ASTM D7252-22(Test Method)
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5.1 This test method is used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
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1.1 This test method determines the percent by weight of monomeric isomers and total monomer in crude or modified isocyanates. The test method is applicable to methylene di(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate) (PMDI). (See Note 1.)  
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ASTM D5672/D5672M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Testing Flexible Cellular Materials Measurement of Indentation Force Deflection Using a 25-mm [1-in.] Deflection Technique

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1.3 This test method is based on the fact that the traditional industry standard thickness for Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) is 100 mm [4 in.], and the traditional percent deflection for IFD acceptance and product planning is 25 %. With respect, then, to these traditional industry conventions, a 25 % deflection on a 100-mm [4-in.] cushion would be 25 mm [1 in.]. Thus, deflecting standard cushions (of proper 100 mm thickness) 25 mm [1 in.] provides a quick way to determine if the flexible polyurethane foam is within the specified grade range for 25 % IFD.  
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ASTM D3675-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

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5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly being evaluated.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire test response standard.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3768-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—Flexural Recovery

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to indicate the ability of a material to recover after a 180° bend around a 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter mandrel at room temperature.  
4.2 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to any specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
Note 2: This test method is applicable to solid urethanes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure and apparatus for measuring the flexural recovery of microcellular urethanes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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