ASTM D6828-02(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by Blade/Slot Procedure
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by Blade/Slot Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for quality control testing.
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future results for the source material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.3 The stiffness of fabric relates to its resistance to bending with further processing and use. It measures the fiber and yarn bending capabilities, the cohesion of individual fibers and yarns relative to their displacement and binders or finishes that hold them in place.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness of fabrics by measuring the force required to push a specimen into a slot of predetermined width with a metal blade working at a predetermined capacity.
Note 1: For other methods for testing stiffness, refer to Test Methods D1388, D4032, and D5732.
1.2 This test method is applicable to fabrics of any fiber content whose stiffness does not exceed the capacity of the Penetrator Beam apparatus. Specimens can be taken from fabrics, rolls, or end products.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as standard; the values inch-pound units are included for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6828 − 02 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness of Fabric by Blade/Slot Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff-
D5732 Test Method for Stiffness of Nonwoven Fabrics
ness of fabrics by measuring the force required to push a
Using the Cantilever Test (Withdrawn 2008)
specimen into a slot of predetermined width with a metal blade
2.2 Statistical Analysis Software:
working at a predetermined capacity.
NOTE 1—For other methods for testing stiffness, refer to Test Methods
D1388, D4032, and D5732.
1.2 This test method is applicable to fabrics of any fiber 3. Terminology
content whose stiffness does not exceed the capacity of the
3.1 Definitions:
Penetrator Beam apparatus. Specimens can be taken from
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this method
fabrics, rolls, or end products.
refer to Terminology D4850. For other terms used in this
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as method, refer to Terminology D123.
standard; the values inch-pound units are included for infor-
mation only. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 A swatch of fabric rests on two flat plate supports
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
separated by a fixed distance. A force is applied to the fabric
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- swatch midway between the supports by means of a blade
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
attached to a motor driven beam. The maximum force needed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. to push the fabric through the supports is measured as a
resistance to bending of the fabric.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for quality
D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
control testing.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
reported test results for two laboratories, comparative tests
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
3 should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias
drawn 2008)
between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3 minimum,usetestsamplesashomogeneousaspossible,drawn
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
from the material from which the disparate test results were
D4032 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular
obtained, and randomly assigned in equal number to each
Bend Procedure
laboratoryfortesting.Thetestresultsfromthetwolaboratories
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
Specific.
results for the source material must be adjusted in consider-
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
ation of the known bias.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6828 – 02(2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D6828-02R15.
5.3 The stiffness of fabric relates to its resistance to bending
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with further processing and use. It measures the fiber and yarn
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. SAS Institute, Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6828 − 02 (2015)
bending capabilities, the cohesion of individual fibers and 7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
yarns relative to their displacement and binders or finishes that unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
hold them in place. is1m(1yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
after first removinga1m(1yd) length.
6. Apparatus
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
6.1 Handle-O-Meter Tester, (Fig. 1), having the following
take five specimens 100 by 100 6 2.5 mm (4 by 4 6 0.1 in.).
parts:
Take specimens representing a broad distribution from differ-
6.1.1 Specimen Platform,consistingoftwoadjustableplates
ent positions diagonally across the width of the laboratory
capable of forming an opening between the two plates.
sampling unit. Specimens should be staggered in such a
6.1.2 Penetrating Blade, to force the fabric into the slot
manner that no specimens contain the same yarns. With the
between the plates.
face of the specimen up, place a small locator mark in the
6.1.3 Penetrator Beam, to move the Penetrator Blade.
lower right hand corner of the specimen parallel to the
6.1.4 ForceMeasuringDevice,operatingatapredetermined
warp/machine direction (MD). (See AnnexA2.) The mark will
capacity, to measure the force required to force the fabric into
be used to correctly position the specimen prior to testing so
the slot.
that the stiffness of four different areas of the specimen can be
6.1.5 Calibration Weight, for calibration of the force appro-
determined. Label specimen to maintain identity.
priate for the Penetrator Blade.
7.3.1 For fabric widths 100 mm (4 in.) or more, take no
6.2 Specimen Marking Template,102by100 65.0mm(4.0
specimens closer than 25 mm (1 in) from the selvage edges of
by 4.0 6 0.2 in.). the laboratory sampling unit.
7.3.2 For fabric widths less than 150 mm (4 in.), use the
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider material as put-up
7.3.3 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or
for shipment to be the primary sampling unit, such as rolls,
wrinkles.Avoidgettingoil,water,grease,etc.onthespecimens
bolts or pieces of fabric, or carton of garments or flat goods, as
when handling.
applicable. (See Annex A1.)
7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens
are a representative sampling of the pattern.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
8. Preparation of Apparatus
is Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., Philadelphia, PA. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
8.1 Place the tester on a flat surface and level according to
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
manufacturers instructions.
technical committee , which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Handle-O-Meter Tester
D6828 − 02 (2015)
8.2 Install Penetrator BeamAssembly. Selection of beam is mark on the underneath side of the specimen must be on the
determined by thickness and weight of the fabric. Most fabrics opposite side from its location in 10.3. (See Annex A2,
will require a 1000 g beam. Position 3). This procedure will expose a fresh area of the
specimen for testing.
8.3 Engage the power control and allow 15 min for the
circuitry to stabilize. 10.10 Activate the tester and record the maximum reading
of the warp/machine direction face down.
8.4 Calibrate the instrument by placing the calibration
weight specified on the upper edge of the blade. The reading 10.11 Remove the specimen from the slot, keeping back
will be a negative number. Make necessary adjustments as side of specimen facing up. Rotate the specimen 90° counter-
directed in the instruction manual. clockwise so that the warp/machine direction of the specimen
is parallel to the slot and the locator mark on the underneath
8.5 Set the width of the slot by moving the plates to the
side of the specimen is on the opposite side from its location in
desired location as directed in the instruction manual. Slot
10.7. (See Annex A2, Position 4.)
widthisdeterminedbythefabrictobetested.Mostfabricswill
require a 10 mm (0.40 in.) slot width. 10.12 Activate the tester and record the maximum reading
of the filling/cross direction face down.
8.6 Select Quadruple mode using Mode button on control
panel. 10.13 Continue as directed in 10.3 – 10.12 until all speci-
mens have been tested.
8.7 Maintenance (see Annex A3).
11. Calculation
9. Conditioning
11.1 DetermineTotalStiffnessofeachspecimen(seeAnnex
9.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for
A2).
testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
11.2 Average Total Stiffness measurements for each labora-
directed in Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specified
atmosphere in which the testi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6828 − 02 (Reapproved 2011) D6828 − 02 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness of Fabric by Blade/Slot Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness of fabrics by measuring the force required to push a specimen into
a slot of predetermined width with a metal blade working at a predetermined capacity.
NOTE 1—For other methods for testing stiffness, refer to Test Methods D1388, D4032, and D5732.
1.2 This test method is applicable to fabrics of any fiber content whose stiffness does not exceed the capacity of the Penetrator
Beam apparatus. Specimens can be taken from fabrics, rolls, or end products.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as standard; the values inch-pound units are included for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4032 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5732 Test Method for Stiffness of Nonwoven Fabrics Using the Cantilever Test (Withdrawn 2008)
2.2 Statistical Analysis Software:
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this method refer to Terminology D4850. For other terms used in this method, refer
to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A swatch of fabric rests on two flat plate supports separated by a fixed distance. A force is applied to the fabric swatch
midway between the supports by means of a blade attached to a motor driven beam. The maximum force needed to push the fabric
through the supports is measured as a resistance to bending of the fabric.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for quality control testing.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2015. Published July 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as
D6828 – 02(2007).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D6828-02R11.10.1520/D6828-02R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
SAS Institute, Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6828 − 02 (2015)
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories, comparative tests should
be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use
test samples as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and
randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared
using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause
must be found and corrected, or future results for the source material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.3 The stiffness of fabric relates to its resistance to bending with further processing and use. It measures the fiber and yarn
bending capabilities, the cohesion of individual fibers and yarns relative to their displacement and binders or finishes that hold them
in place.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Handle-O-Meter Tester, (Fig. 1), having the following parts:
6.1.1 Specimen Platform, consisting of two adjustable plates capable of forming an opening between the two plates.
6.1.2 Penetrating Blade, to force the fabric into the slot between the plates.
6.1.3 Penetrator Beam, to move the Penetrator Blade.
6.1.4 Force Measuring Device, operating at a predetermined capacity, to measure the force required to force the fabric into the
slot.
6.1.5 Calibration Weight, for calibration of the force appropriate for the Penetrator Blade.
6.2 Specimen Marking Template, 102 by 100 6 5.0 mm (4.0 by 4.0 6 0.2 in.).
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider material as put-up for shipment to be the primary sampling unit, such as rolls, bolts or
pieces of fabric, or carton of garments or flat goods, as applicable. (See Annex A1.)
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that is 1
m (1 yd) in length along the selvage (machine direction), after first removing a 1 m (1 yd) length.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., Philadelphia, PA. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
committee , which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Handle-O-Meter Tester
D6828 − 02 (2015)
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, take five specimens 100 by 100 6 2.5 mm (4 by 4 6 0.1 in.). Take
specimens representing a broad distribution from different positions diagonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.
Specimens should be staggered in such a manner that no specimens contain the same yarns. With the face of the specimen up, place
a small locator mark in the lower right hand corner of the specimen parallel to the warp/machine direction (MD). (See Annex A2.)
The mark will be used to correctly position the specimen prior to testing so that the stiffness of four different areas of the specimen
can be determined. Label specimen to maintain identity.
7.3.1 For fabric widths 100 mm (4 in.) or more, take no specimens closer than 25 mm (1 in) from the selvage edges of the
laboratory sampling unit.
7.3.2 For fabric widths less than 150 mm (4 in.), use the entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
7.3.3 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimens when
handling.
7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens are a representative sampling of the pattern.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Place the tester on a flat surface and level according to manufacturers instructions.
8.2 Install Penetrator Beam Assembly. Selection of beam is determined by thickness and weight of the fabric. Most fabrics will
require a 1000 g beam.
8.3 Engage the power control and allow 15 min for the circuitry to stabilize.
8.4 Calibrate the instrument by placing the calibration weight specified on the upper edge of the blade. The reading will be a
negative number. Make necessary adjustments as directed in the instruction manual.
8.5 Set the width of the slot by moving the plates to the desired location as directed in the instruction manual. Slot width is
determined by the fabric to be tested. Most fabrics will require a 10 mm (0.40 in.) slot width.
8.6 Select Quadruple mode using Mode button on control panel.
8.7 Maintenance (see Annex A3).
9. Conditioning
9.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specified atmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.
10. Procedure
10.1 Make all the tests in the standard atmosphere for testing.
10.2 Zero the instrument by pressing the zero/force button to obtain a zero reading on the force display.
10.3 Place specimen face-up over the slot on the platform so that the warp/machine direction mark on the specimen is in the
lower left corner and perpendicular to the slot. About ⁄3 (30 mm, 1.3 in.) of the specimen should be to the right of the slot and
⁄3 (65 mm, 2.6 in.) to the left. (See Annex A2, Position 1.)
10.4 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the material.
10.5 Depress the test switch and allow the blade to complete one cycle by pushing the specimen into the slot and returning to
the start position. It is not necessary to close the lid of the instrument during testing.
10.6 Record the maximum reading in the warp/machine dir
...
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