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ASTM D4806-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended for blending with unleaded or leaded gasolines for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. Denatured fuel ethanol shall conform to the specified performance requirements for the following: ethanol content, methanol, solvent-washed gum, water content, denaturant content, inorganic chloride content, copper content, acidity, pHe, sulfur content, sulfate content, appearance, and specific gravity. The only denaturants used for fuel ethanol shall be natural gasoline, gasoline components, or unleaded gasoline at the minimum concentration prescribed. Prohibited denaturants include methanol which does not meet the specified requirement, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossil vegetable matter). Sampling, containers, and sample handling techniques, and the test methods for determining conformance to the specified requirements are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel covered by Specification D4814. The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfur limit and denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D4806-10a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5798-21 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8235-21 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7923-19 - Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7795-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
Effective Date
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ASTM D7875-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
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ASTM D4806-10 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D4806-10 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM D4806-10 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelREDLINE ASTM D4806-10 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4806 – 10
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
lometry
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
tured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
ignition automotive engine fuel covered by Specification
Petroleum Products
D4814. The significance of this specification is shown in
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Appendix X1.
Products, and Lubricants
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Petroleum Products
standard.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.3 Theuserisadvisedtocheckwiththenationalregulatory
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
agencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfur
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
limit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-
Fuel
able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
allow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
2. Referenced Documents
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
2
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
Atmospheric Pressure
ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo- 9
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
ration
Gas Chromatography
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
D5854 PracticeforMixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of
and Related Products
Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
cence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
D7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol
by Potentiometric Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on D7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by
D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.
Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally
D7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4806–09. DOI:
10.1520/D4806-10.
tial Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Injection
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4806 – 10
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
Property Limit Method
Ethanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501
Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501
Solvent-washed gum content,
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4806–09 Designation: D4806 – 10
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded
gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel covered by Specification D4814.The significance
of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1Exception—Federal regulations use the inch-pound units that appear in Note 2, 5.1, and X1.2.1.
1.3 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfur limit
and denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow or
require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D891Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1152Specification for Methanol (MethylAlcohol) 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), orAPI
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1613 Test Method forAcidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3505Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and HeavierAromatics,
9
and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01D02.A0.02 on Gasoline Oxygenated Fuels and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends. Components.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009.15, 2010. Published July 2009.2010. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
D4806–08a.D4806–09. DOI: 10.1520/D4806-109.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4806 – 10
D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispe
...

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T(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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