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ASTM D6344-98(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1—This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1998
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6344-98 - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Replaced By
ASTM D6344-04 - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998

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ASTM D6344-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport PackagesASTM D6344-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
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ASTM D6344-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6344 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for 3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and
testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for 3.2.1 acceptance criteria—the acceptable condition of
packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or package and contents that must be met after the shipping
stretch-wrapped packaging. container has been tested.
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on
4. Significance and Use
acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the
energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package 4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of
packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from
during a low level concentrated impact.
outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of
NOTE 1—This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a
transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by
prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance
adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier
criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified
vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded
procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an
incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a
or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one
specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to
another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other
find the average height to failure.
circumstances.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- between the package wall and its contents.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Cylindrical Mass with Full Radius (Hemispherical)
2.1 ASTM Standards: End—Solid steel rod 32 mm 6 2 mm (1.25 in. 6 0.1 in.) in
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ- diameter, approximately 115 mm (4.5 in.) long, one end
ments rounded to form a hemisphere, with a mass of 680 6 15 g (1.5
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con- 6 0.03 lb). A threaded eye-bolt may be attached to the end for
tainers and Systems positioning and support prior to guided free fall drop, but it
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or must be included in the 680 g (1.5 lb) mass (see Fig. 1).
Packaging Components for Testing Threaded eyebolts must be attached to the side for positioning
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a and support when used as a pendulum, and must be included in
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process the 680 g (1.5 lb) mass.
5.2 Guided Free Fall (see Fig. 2):
5.2.1 The cylindrical mass (rod) is held in a start position in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
a stiff tube of at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) diameter, such that the
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical Test
tube’s main axis is perpendicular within 2 degrees. The end of
Methods.
the tube should be positioned 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) above
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published January 1999.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the test specimen. The mass may be held in position, at the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6344 – 98 (2003)
FIG. 1 Cylindrical Mass (steel rod)
FIG. 3 Pendulum
10 mm (0.4 in.) of the desired point of impact. The test surface
must be perpendicular to the direction of the falling mass.
5.4.2 The test specimen must be braced securely so it does
not move when impacted.
5.5 Conditioning Apparatus—Adequate facilities shall be
provided for conditioning test specimens at the proper humid-
ity and temperature prior to testing.
5.5.1 It is recommended that atmospheres for conditioning
be selected from those given in Practice D 4332. Unless
otherwise specified, fiberboard or paperboard containers shall
be conditioned in accordance with the preconditioning and
FIG. 2 Guided Free Fall
standard conditioning atmospheres specified in Practice
D 4332.
specified vertical distance, with either a string from the top of
6. Sampling
the tube, or by a support pin placed through the side of the tube.
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be
5.2.2 The mass is allowed to fall freely when released to
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
strike the test specimen with its rounded end. The free falling
performance. Practice E 122 is recommended.
rod must strike the test surface within 10 mm (0.4 in.) of the
desired point of impact. The test surface must be perpendicular
7. Test Specimen
to the direction of the falling mass.
5.3 Non-guided Free Fall:
7.1 It is preferable to prepare the package with the actual
5.3.1 If greater precision of impact velocity is desired, the contents for which it was designed (see Note 2). Close the
cylindrical mass (rod) may be dropped without guidance of a
package in the same manner that will be used in preparing it for
tube. Means of suspending the mass and its release must be shipment.
such that accuracy of positioning (drop height and impact
NOTE 2—Where the use of actual goods is not feasible because of
point) are not affected.
excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the goods may be used,
5.3.2 The free falling rod must strike the test surface within
provided the dummy load has the same exterior surfaces as the actual
10 mm (0.4 in.) of the desired p
...

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ASTM D4003-98(2019)e1(Test Method)
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4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.  
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Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1: This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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