ASTM C1713-10
(Specification)Standard Specification for Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry
Standard Specification for Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mortar for the repair of masonry that was constructed with methods and materials that pre-date the origination of current standards of construction that are compatible with it. The mortar may be used for non-structural purposes such as repointing of the masonry, or for structural purposes such as, but not restricted to, re-construction or repair of mortar joints that contribute to the structural integrity of the masonry.
1.2 Masonry includes the following units laid in mortar: (1) cast stone, (2) clay masonry unitsbrick and clay tile, (3) concrete masonry units, (4) natural stone, and (5) terra cotta.
1.3 This specification may be used to pre-qualify mortar for a project.
1.4 Mortars tested using this specification are laboratory-prepared mortars and do not represent in-place, site mortars.
1.5 Use of this specification should be based on a thorough understanding of the function, maintenance, and repair requirements for the preservation and continued performance of the masonry in the context of the building structure and long-term performance. The user of this specification is responsible for examining all criteria and selecting the appropriate mortar formulation and properties required.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1713 – 10
Standard Specification for
Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C10 Specification for Natural Cement
C61 Specification for Gypsum Keene’s Cement
1.1 This specification covers mortar for the repair of ma-
C91 Specification for Masonry Cement
sonry that was constructed with methods and materials that
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
pre-date the origination of current standards of construction
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
that are compatible with it. The mortar may be used for
Specimens)
non-structural purposes such as repointing of the masonry, or
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
for structural purposes such as, but not restricted to, re-
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
construction or repair of mortar joints that contribute to the
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
structural integrity of the masonry.
Aggregates
1.2 Masonry includes the following units laid in mortar: (1)
C141 Specification for Hydraulic Hydrated Lime for Struc-
cast stone, (2) clay masonry unitsbrick and clay tile, (3)
tural Purposes
concrete masonry units, (4) natural stone, and (5) terra cotta.
C144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
1.3 This specification may be used to pre-qualify mortar for
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
a project.
C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
1.4 Mortars tested using this specification are laboratory-
poses
prepared mortars and do not represent in-place, site mortars.
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
1.5 Use of this specification should be based on a thorough
Made from Clay or Shale)
understandingofthefunction,maintenance,andrepairrequire-
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
ments for the preservation and continued performance of the
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
masonry in the context of the building structure and long-term
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
performance. The user of this specification is responsible for
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
examining all criteria and selecting the appropriate mortar
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
formulation and properties required.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C780 Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit
and are not considered standard.
Masonry
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C948 Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Concrete
2. Referenced Documents
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
Masonry
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes
C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
C1329 Specification for Mortar Cement
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C12 on
C1357 Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond
Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Strength
mittee C12.03 on Specifications for Mortars.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. DOI: 10.1520/ C1384 Specification for Admixtures for Masonry Mortars
C1713–10.
C1403 Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption of Ma-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sonry Mortars
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C1489 Specification for Lime Putty for Structural Purposes
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1713 – 10
C1506 Test Method for Water Retention of Hydraulic 4.1.1.2 Lime putty shall conform to Specification C1489.
Cement-Based Mortars and Plasters
NOTE 1—Specification C5,Appendix 1, may be used, and the resulting
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
putty should meet the requirements of Specification C1489.
Materials
4.1.2 Group HL—Hydraulic Hydrated Lime shall conform
3. Terminology
to Specification C141.
4.1.3 Group HC—Hydraulic Cements shall conform to the
3.1 The terms used in this specification are identified in
following specifications:
Terminology C1180.
4.1.3.1 Blended Hydraulic Cement—shall conform to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Specification C595.
3.2.1 aggregate, n—material as defined in Terminology
C1180, but limited to the material groups listed under Section
NOTE 2—Blended hydraulic cement may not be appropriate for struc-
4 of this specification.
tures built before the second half of the 20th century.
3.2.2 binder, n—material as defined in Terminology C1180,
4.1.3.2 Performance Hydraulic Cement—shall conform to
but limited to the cementitious material groups listed under
Specification C1157.
Section 4 of this specification to be mixed with potable water.
3.2.3 curing, n—process by which a mortar gains its long-
NOTE 3—Performance hydraulic cement may not be appropriate for
term, final-state properties. structures built before the second half of the 20th century.
3.2.4 curing time (CT), n—number of days in which a
4.1.3.3 Masonry Cement—shall conform to Specification
hardened state sample is cured before testing.
C91.
3.2.5 historic masonry, n—masonry that may have been
4.1.3.4 Mortar Cement—shall conform to Specification
constructed with methods and materials that pre-date the
C1329.
origination of current standards.
4.1.3.5 Natural Cement—shall conform to Specification
3.3 Properties, as determined by Section 8 of this specifi-
C10.
cation:
4.1.3.6 Portland Cement—shall conform to Specification
3.3.1 absorption rate (AR), n—a measure of the hardened
C150.
mortar’sabilitytoabsorbwaterfromadrycondition,measured
astheinitialflowofwaterintothemortar,asdefinedunderTest NOTE 4—For interior gypsum mortar based systems requiring gypsum
cement refer to Specification C61 and consult with the product manufac-
MethodC1403andevaluatedatthespecifiedcuringtime(CT).
turer regarding exposure suitability.
3.3.2 air content, n—cumulative volume of air in a mortar,
asapercentageofthetotalvolumeofmortarinitsplasticstate.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregate shall conform to Specification
3.3.3 flexural bond strength (FBS), n—maximum flexural
C144. Aggregates that conform to all aspects of Specification
tensilestressthatcausesfailureofthebondbetweenthemortar
C144 except for the gradation limits are permitted if demon-
and masonry unit in a tested assembly at the specified curing
strated by their history of performance under equivalent
time (CT).
conditions and mortar formulation to be non-detrimental to the
3.3.4 maximum compressive strength (Fcmx), n—upper al-
mortar. To determine aggregate gradation, use Test Method
lowable limit on the ultimate strength of a hardened mortar
C136.
sample subjected to compression measured as force per unit
NOTE 5—The need to aesthetically match the color and texture of an
area at the specified curing time (CT).
existingmortarmaybejustificationfordeviatingfromthegradationlimits
3.3.5 minimum compressive strength (Fc), n—lower allow-
of Specification C144.
able limit on the ultimate strength of a hardened mortar sample
4.3 Water—Water shall be clean and free of oils, acids,
subjected to compression measured as force per unit area at the
alkalies, salts, organic materials, or other substances that are
specified curing time (CT).
deleterious to mortar or any metal used in the masonry.
3.3.6 total porosity, n—volume percentage of all pores or
4.4 Admixtures:
void space in the mortar at the specified curing time (CT).
4.4.1 Admixtures—shall meet the requirements of Specifi-
3.3.7 water retention, n—as defined in Terminology C1180.
cation C1384. Calcium chloride is not permitted. Other admix-
Test shall be conducted on a sample in its plastic state.
tures that are outside the scope of Specification C1384 are
3.3.8 water vapor permeability (WVP), n—ability of a
permitted if they contain no more than 0.3 % water-soluble
mortar to pass water through it in vapor form at the specified
alkali and if demonstrated by their history of performance
curing time (CT).
under equivalent conditions and mortar formulation to be
4. Constituent Materials
non-detrimental to the mortar and items in contact.
4.1 Binder Materials shall be classified into the following 4.4.2 Pigments—Pigments shall meet the requirements of
groups: Specification C979. Pigments which are not described by
4.1.1 Group L—Lime (non-hydraulic) shall conform to the Specification C979 are permitted if demonstrated by their
following specifications: history of performance under equivalent conditions and mortar
4.1.1.1 Hydrated Lime shall conform to Specification C207, formulation to be non-detrimental to the mortar. Pigment
Types S or SA. Types N and NA hydrated limes are permitted addition shall not exceed 10 % by weight of the binder
if soaked or shown by test or performance record to be not materials except for carbon black which is limited to 2 %
detrimental to the mortar. unless otherwise demonstrated by history of performance
C1713 – 10
under equivalent conditions and mortar formulation to be units to be used in the field, or if unavailable, a brick meeting
non-detrimental to the mortar. Specification C216, Grade SW with absorption properties
similar to the in-situ masonry units, if known.
5. Mortar Proportioning
7.3 Mortar Mixing—Mix the mortar in accordance with
Practice C305 with the exception that for Group L and Group
5.1 Binder/Aggregate Ratio:
HL mortars and those combined mortars at or greater than
5.1.1 Combine the mortars in volume ratios of 1 part total
45 %limebybindervolumetheinitialmixingtimeisextended
binder materials to 2 to 3 ⁄2 parts aggregate.
to 1 min and the resting time is extended to 1.5 min.
5.1.2 Mortars specified outside volume ratios of 1 part total
binder materials to 2 to 3 ⁄2 parts aggregate shall be permitted
NOTE 10—These time extensions allow for the full wetting of the
if shown by history of use or by mortar testing per this
mortar constituents.
specification to be not detrimental to the mortar.
7.4 Test Sample Molding:
NOTE 6—Mostcommonmortarshavetotalbindertoaggregateratiosof 7.4.1 For total porosity, absorption rate and compressive
1 part total cementitious materials to 2 ⁄2 to 3 part aggregate, whereas
strength testing, mold the 2-in. (50 mm) cubes in accordance
some earlier mortars may have ratios as high as 1 to 1.
with Test Method C109/C109M, subsections on Specimen
5.2 Air Entraining Binders—Air entraining binders shall Molds and Molding Test Specimens. For mortars to be used as
unit bedding, add enough water to obtain flow of 110 65%.
not be used in combination with other air entraining binders or
with a separate air entrainment admixture. Formortarstobeusedasrepointingmortars,addenoughwater
to obtain aVicat Cone Penetrometer value (Test Method C780,
6. Requirements
Annex A1, Consistency by Cone Penetration Test Method) of
15 mm 65%.
6.1 Establishing Mortar Proportions:
7.4.2 Forvaportransmissionandbondstrengthtestingmold
6.1.1 Specify mortars by (1) proportion specification, con-
the samples according to Test Method C1357, with the excep-
stituent materials and their respective volume proportions, or
tion that for the vapor transmission the specimen is two brick,
(2) property specification, constituent materials (or proprietary
and cheese cloth is to be used as a bond break, and mortar is to
products names) and required properties, in accordance with
have flow values of 120 6 5%. If the binder material to
Table 1.
aggregate volume ratio has not been specified, use a value of
6.1.1.1 Specifiers using the proportion specification shall
1:3 binder to aggregate ratio measured by volume with sand
select binder and aggregate proportions based upon an estab-
meeting Specification C144.
lished history of performance or testing that documents satis-
7.5 Sample Demolding—Table3summarizesthedemolding
factory performance of the combinations and proportions
time required for different binder combinations.
specified, and in conformance with Section 5 of this specifi-
7.6 Specimen Storage and Curing—The storage and curing
cation.
conditions in Table 3 shall be maintained both before and after
NOTE 7—WVPof the mortar should be greater than that of the masonry
demolding, for the duration of the specified CuringTime (CT).
units, and equal to or greater than that of the substrate mortar where
7.6.1 Test specimens stored at 70 6 5 % RH shall be placed
present.
in a cabinet or environmental chamber where the relative
NOTE 8—Vapor permeability will generally decrease with increasing
humidity and ambient CO level can be maintained and
hydraulic constituents; however, aggregate gradation and admixtures can
greatly influence the value. documented.
7.6.2 Test specimens stored at 100 % RH shall be placed in
7. Test Samples and Preparation
a moist room or cabinet following Specification C511.
7.1 Material Proportioning—Laboratory mixed mortar
8. Test Methods
specified by volume proportions shall contain the mortar
8.1 Water Retention—Determine water retention in accor-
materials as indicated in the mortar specification. Volume
dance with the Test Method C1506.
proportionsshallbeconvertedtoweightsusingthebatchfactor
calculated as follows:
NOTE 11—Water retention cannot be determined for repointing mortars
7.1.1 Material Proportioning for Test Batches of Mortar:
at low flow values. Enough water must be added to obtain a flow of 110
7.1.1.1 Batch factor = 1440/ [1280 kg/m (bulk density of
65%.
aggregate) times total aggregate volume proportion].
8.2 Air Content—Determine air content in accordance with
Specification C270 or with
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.