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ASTM C689-03a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for the determination of modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays, both dry and after conditioning at specified relative humidity, or both. The apparatuses needed for this method are a conditioning cabinet, and a testing machine. Extruded, clay-flint, and solid cast specimens shall be prepared accordingly. Specific procedures as to handling, warpage, drying, and storage, and the corresponding calculations are discussed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays both dry and after conditioning at 50 or 80 % relative humidity, or both.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2003
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.04 - Raw Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C689-03 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Replaced By
ASTM C689-09 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
Effective Date
01-Jan-2009

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ASTM C689-03a - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired ClaysASTM C689-03a - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
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ASTM C689-03a - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 689 – 03a
Standard Test Method for
1
Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Test Specimen Preparation
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu- 4.1 Preparation of Extruded Specimens—100 % clay speci-
lus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays both dry and after men preparation: The test sample shall be blunged with
conditioning at 50 or 80 % relative humidity, or both. sufficient distilled water to give complete dispersion and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the produceaslipofsufficientviscositytoavoidnoticeablesettling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the of particles (usually in the range of 25 to 50 percent solids).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Slip shall be sieved through a No. 120 (125 µm) sieve or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- equivalent. After aging 24 h the slip shall be dewatered to a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. plastic condition preferably by filter pressing.At this point the
moisture content must be adjusted to optimum conditions for
2. Referenced Documents
forming by some measure of plasticity such as Pfefferkorn
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: apparatus, plumb bob penetration, or other acceptable means.
C 322 Test Method for Sampling CeramicWhiteware Clays
After the water of plasticity has been adjusted (usually will
range from 20 to 50 %), test specimens shall be formed by
3. Apparatus
extrusion. Where hand-operated extruder is used without
3.1 Conditioning Cabinet—Any suitable airtight cabinet
vacuum, the plastic clay shall be thoroughly hand-wedged to
with means for circulating air, or vacuum desiccator, wherein
eliminate entrapped air as a preliminary to forming test pieces.
prescribed specimens can be conditioned as desired before
Where a vacuum extruder is used, a vacuum of not less than 25
testing. Specimens for dry strength shall be stored with silica
in.(635mm)Hgshallbemaintainedduringformingoperation.
gel desiccant. Specimens for 50 % relative humidity shall be
4.1.1 Clay-Flint Specimens—to be used in the case of
stored over a saturated solution of sodium dichromate
strong clays that are considered bonding materials. Prepare
(Na CR O ·2H O), and specimens for 80 % relative humidity
specimens as in 4.1 using a mixture of clay and 200 mesh
2 2 7 2
shall be stored over a saturated solution of ammonium chloride
potters flint in a 1/1 ratio blend that has been thoroughly dry
(NH Cl).
mixed.
4
3.2 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine may be
4.1.2 Solid Cast Specimens—100 % clay and clay-flint
used, provided a uniform rate of direct loading can be
specimens should be prepared by making a high solids slurry
maintained at no more than 1 lb/min (4.4 N/min) using the
deflocculated to minimum viscosity. Adjust the solids content
prescribedspecimens.Forthesupportofthetestspecimen,two
of the slurry to obtain a viscosity between 100-500 cps. The
steel bars having a diameter of 0.5-in. (12.7-mm) shall be
slurry should be cast in plaster molds until solid, and the bars
provided. The load shall be applied by means of a third steel
then dried in accordance to the procedure outlined in 4.3 and
bar having a diameter of 0.5-in. (12.7-mm). All three bars are
4.4.
to be smooth polished steel without surface defects such as
4.2 Dimension—The test specimens shall be round bars of
scratches or gouges.
0.50 (12.8 mm) diameter, and at least 4.5 in. (114 mm) in
length to permit an overhang of at least 0.25 in. at each end
1
when mounted on the supports.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3 Handling and Warpage—All due precaution shall be
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
observed in the forming and drying to produce straight test
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
specimens. No specimen shall be used that shows a warpage
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 689 – 03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or greaterthan1 %ofitsoveralllength.Thebarsshallbechecked
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
from time to time during drying for straightness, and before
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
they stiffen, corrective straightening may be encouraged by
the ASTM webs
...

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Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for the determination of modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays, both dry and after conditioning at specified relative humidity, or both. The apparatuses needed for this method are a conditioning cabinet, and a testing machine. Extruded, clay-flint, and solid cast specimens shall be prepared accordingly. Specific procedures as to handling, warpage, drying, and storage, and the corresponding calculations are discussed thoroughly.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain values of rupture modulus of clays before firing, under various processing conditions (relative humidity).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays both dry and after conditioning at 50 or 80 % relative humidity, or both.  
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3.1 Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue index (MBI) and such fundamental clay properties as cation exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where the colloidal portion of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by nitrogen adsorption). Where the colloidal portion contains significant amounts of illite or montmorillonite, the same close correlation does not exist. The MBI better correlates with the ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.  
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Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

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4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
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1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
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1.1 This guide covers techniques and procedures for the use of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the forensic analysis of geological materials (to include soils, rocks, sediments, and materials derived from them such as concrete), to enable non-consumptive identification of solid crystalline materials present as single components or multi-component mixtures.  
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SCOPE
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