ASTM F2220-02

Standard Specification for Headforms

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, sizing, and manufacturing details of test headforms for use in the testing of protective headgear. This specification identifies the requirements for five test headform size codes: A, E, J, M, and O. All datum levels shall be quoted relative to the reference plane. The headforms shall be symmetrical about the midsagittal plane. Internal geometry may be defined to satisfy the requirements of the individual test specifications. The impact headforms shall be made of K1A-F magnesium, with the prescribed zirconium and magnesium composition, and shall conform to the specified requirements for: external dimensions, performance (resonant frequency), mass, and center of gravity. All impact headforms shall be marked with: headform size, basic plane, reference plane, and midsagittal (longitudinal) and coronal (transverse) planes through the vertical axis. Other headforms shall be made of material of sufficient strength and stiffness to maintain their geometry during testing and shall comply to the external dimension requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the materials, sizing, and manufacturing details of test headforms for use in the testing of protective headgear. Details of the exterior dimension of the headforms are included.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2002
• ICS: 13.340.20 - Head protective equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.53 - Headgear and Helmets

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2220-02(2009) - Standard Specification for Headforms
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F3103-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Testing Off-Road Motorcycle and ATV Helmets
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3137-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Headgear Used in Women’s Lacrosse (excluding Goalkeepers)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2530-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Protective Headgear with Faceguard Used in Bull Riding
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3343/E3343M-23 - Test Methods for Nonballistic-resistant Helmets Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3342/E3342M-22e1 - Specification for Nonballistic-resistant Helmets Specifically Designed to be Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers When Maintaining Order in Violent Situations
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F1163-23 - Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F1446-20 - Standard Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 2220 – 02
Standard Specification for
Headforms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This specification identifies the headforms used for testing protective headgear in individualASTM
International test methods and performance standards (standard specifications). This specification was
closely based on the ISO DIS 6220 that is no longer available (having been replaced by EN 960). It
isnotpossibleforASTMInternationalprotectiveheadgearstandardstoreferenceEN 960becausethis
standard makes no provisions for ASTM International impact headforms.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the materials, sizing, and manu-
facturing details of test headforms for use in the testing of
protective headgear. Details of the exterior dimension of the
headforms are included.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 92/B 92M Specification for Unalloyed Magnesium Ingot
and Stick For Remelting
2.2 Other Standards:
EN 960 Headforms for Use in the Testing of Protective
Helmets
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 basic plane, n—an anatomical plane that includes the
superior rim of the external auditory meatuses (upper edge of
the external openings of the ear) and the inferior margin of the
orbit (the lowest point of the floor of the eye socket) (see Figs.
1 and 2).
3.1.2 coronal plane, n—an anatomical plane perpendicular
to both the basic and midsagittal planes and passing through
the superior rims of the right and left external auditory
FIG. 1 Anatomical Planes
meatuses. The transverse plane corresponds to the coronal
plane (see Figs. 1 and 2).
to the external dimension defined in this specification. These
3.1.3 impact headforms, n—headforms used for impact
headforms shall meet the material, dimensions, mass, and
testingofprotectiveheadgear.Impactheadformsshallconform
center of gravity requirements of this specification. These
headforms shall include surface markings corresponding to the
basic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
3.1.4 midsagittal plane, n—an anatomical plane perpen-
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 on
dicular to the basic plane and containing the midpoint of the
Headgear and Helmets.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003.
line connecting the notches of the right and left inferior orbital
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ridgesandthemidpointofthelineconnectingthesuperiorrims
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of the right and left external auditory meatuses (see Figs. 1 and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 2).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2220–02
TABLE 1 Measurement for Headform Size
Nominal Inside Circumference
Headform Size
of Helmet (mm)
A 500
E 540
J 570
M 600
O 620
6. Impact Headforms
6.1 Materials and Manufacture—The impact headforms
shall be made of K1A-F magnesium (nominal composition
0.7 % Zr, balance Mg; Specification B 92/B 92M, Grade
9980A).
6.2 External Dimensions—Impact headforms shall comply
with the exterior dimensions given in Annex A1. The polar
coordinates of the horizontal half-sections at each datum level
FIG. 2 Impact Headform—Basic, Reference, Midsagittal Planes
above the reference plane are given.
6.3 Performance Requirements—The impact headforms
shall not have resonant frequencies below 2000 Hz.
3.1.5 other (reference) headforms, n—headforms used for 6.4 Mass—The total mass of the drop assembly (including
other testing, other than impact, of protective headgear. They the instrumented headform and supporting assembly) shall be
described in the specific test method for evaluating protective
shall conform to the external dimension requirements of each
headgear.The mass of the impact headform may be adjusted to
particular headform size, as specified in this specification.
accommodate the specific test method requirements.
Reference headforms shall be made of material of sufficient
6.5 Center of Gravity—The center of gravity of the impact
strengthandstiffnesstomaintaintheirgeometryduringtesting.
headform shall lie at a point on the central vertical axis, 12.7
Full-chin headforms will be used as necessary. Reference
mm above the reference plane.
headforms shall include surface markings corresponding to the
6.6 Product Marking—All impact headforms shall be
basic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes and the vision
marked with:
points.
6.6.1 Headform size;
3.1.6 reference plane, n—a plane marked on the headforms
6.6.2 Basic plane;
ataspecifieddistanceaboveandparalleltothebasicplane(see
6.6.3 Reference plane; and
Fig. 2).
6.6.4 Midsagittal (longitudinal) and coronal (transverse)
planes through the vertical axis.
4. Classification
7. Other (Reference) Headforms
4.1 This specification identifies the requirements for five
7.1 Materials and Manufacture—Other headforms shall be
test headform sizes:A, E, J, M, and O. The size codes used for
made of material of sufficient strength and stiffness to maintain
headforms relate to the nominal inside circumference of
their geometry during testing.
helmets (see Table 1). The nominal inside circumference
7.2 External Dimensions—Other headforms shall comply
values refer to the internal circumference of the helmet
with the external dimensions given in Annex A1 and Annex
measured at a datum level 12.7 mm above the reference plane.
A2. The polar coordinates of the horizontal half-sections at
each datum level are given.
5. Dimensions
7.2.1 Product Marking—All headforms shall be marked
with:
5.1 Datum Levels—All datum levels are quoted relative to
7.2.1.1 Headform size;
the reference plane (“0” level) and are given in mm.
7.2.1.2 Basic plane;
5.2 Dimensions—The external dimensions that the head-
7.2.1.3 Reference plane;
forms must conform to are identified in Annex A1 and Annex
7.2.1.4 Midsagittal (longitudinal) and coronal (transverse)
A2. The headforms shall be symmetrical about the midsagittal
planes through the vertical axis; and
plane. Internal geometry may be defined to satisfy the require-
7.2.1.5 Twopointslocatedonthebasicplaneequallyspaced
ments of the individual test specifications. The resulting
31 mm each side of the point defined by the intersection of the
headform must still comply with the other requirements of this
basic and midsagittal planes at the front of the headform.
specification.
8. Keywords
5.3 Tolerances—The tolerance on all linear dimensions is
60.25 mm. 8.1 headform(s); helmet(s); protective headgear
F2220–02
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. HEADFORM DATAABOVE THE REFERENCE PLANE
A1.1
FIG. A1.1 Headform Datum Levels Above the Basic Plane
F2220–02
FIG. A1.2 Horizontal Half-Sections at Datum Levels
F2220–02
TABLE A1.1 Polar Coordinates of Horizontal Half-Sections for Size A Headform
0° 180°
Angle 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165°
Front Back
Height above
Radius (mm)
reference plane (mm)
0.0 88.0 86.5 83.0 75.5 70.0 67.0 66.5 69.5 73.5 78.5 84.0 87.0 88.0
20.0 85.5 84.5 82.5 75.5 70.0 67.0 66.5 69.5 73.5 78.5 84.0 87.0 87.0
40.0 80.0 79.5 79.0 72.0 67.5 65.0 64.5 67.0 71.0 76.0 80.5 82.0 81.5
50.0 75.0 75.0 74.5 68.5 63.5 61.0 60.5 63.5 67.0 72.0 76.0 77.0 77.0
60.0 68.0 68.0 67.5 62.5 57.5 55.5 55.0 58.0 61.5 66.0 70.0 70.0 70.5
70.0 56.0 56.0 56.5 53.0 49.5 47.0 47.0 49.0 53.0 57.0 61.5 61.0 61.0
80.0 37.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 35.5 34.0 34.0 36.0 39.5 44.5 49.0 49.0 48.5
85.0 23.0 24.0 23.0 22.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 24.5 29.5 33.5 36.0 36.5 37.0
Dimension H: 89.7 mm, Depth to Basic Plane: -24.0 mm.
TABLE A1.2 Polar Coordinates of Horizontal Half-Sections for Size E Headform
0° 180°
Angle 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165°
Front Back
Height above
Radius (mm)
reference plane (mm)
0.0 94.5 93.0 90.0 82.0 76.5 73.5 79.0 76.0 80.0 85.0 91.0 94.0 94.5
20.0 92.5 91.5 89.0 82.0 76.5 73.5 79.0 76.0 80.0 85.0 90.5 93.5 94.0
40.0 87.0 87.5 85.0 79.5 74.0 71.0 71.5 74.0 77.5 82.5 88.0 89.0 89.0
50.0 82.5 83.0 81.0 76.0 71.0 68.0 68.0 70.5 74.0 79.5 83.5 84.5 84.5
60.0 76.5 76.5 75.5 71.0 66.5 63.5 63.5 66.0 69.5 74.0 78.5 79.0 79.0
70.0 66.5 66.5 66.5 63.0 59.0 56.5 56.5 58.5 62.0 66.5 70.5 71.0 71.0
80.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 50.0 47.5 46.0 46.5 48.0 51.0 56.0 59.5 60.0 60.0
85.0 41.5 42.5 41.5 40.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 41.0 44.0 48.0 51.5 58.0 52.0
90.0 28.0 28.0 28.5 28.5 28.5 29.0 30.0 31.0 34.0 37.5 41.5 42.0 42.0
95.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 11.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Dimension H: 96.0 mm, Depth to Basic Plane: -26.0 mm.
TABLE A1.3 Polar Coordinates of Horizontal Half-Sections for Size J Headform
0° 180°
Angle 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165°
Front Back
Height above
Radius (mm)
reference plane (mm)
0.0 101.0 99.5 95.5 87.5 82.5 79.5 79.5 82.0 86.0 92.0 97.0 100.5 101.0
20.0 99.0 97.0 93.5 87.5 82.0 79.5 79.5 82.0 86.0 92.0 96.5 99.5 100.5
40.0 93.0 92.5 90.0 85.5 80.0 77.5 77.0 80.5 84.0 89.0 93.0 95.5 95.5
50.0 90.0 89.0 87.0 83.0 77.0 74.5 75.0 77.5 81.0 86.0 90.0 91.5 91.5
60.0 84.0 83.0 81.5 77.0 73.0 70.0 71.0 73.0 77.0 81.0 85.5 87.0 87.0
70.0 76.0 75.5 74.0 71.0 67.0 65.0 65.5 67.0 71.5 75.0 79.0 80.0 80.0
80.0 65.0 65.0 64.0 61.0 58.5 56.0 57.0 59.0 62.5 66.5 69.5
...