ASTM D2346-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent density of specimens from their area and thickness. By measuring apparent density, the degree of loading or of compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is unsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whose thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method cited.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue or wet white.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2021
- Technical Committee
- D31 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- D31.03 - Footwear
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Refers
ASTM D1610-01(2013) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing - Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2010
- Refers
ASTM D1610-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2005
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Sep-2000
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2000
Overview
ASTM D2346-21: Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather is an internationally recognized method established by ASTM International for determining the apparent density of leather specimens. This standard provides clear procedures for measuring the weight, area, and thickness of conditioned leather samples in order to calculate their apparent density. By evaluating the apparent density, manufacturers, laboratories, and quality assurance teams can assess the degree of compression or loading in leather materials. It is important to note that this test method is not suitable for very soft leathers, such as chamois, or for wet blue and wet white leathers, as their thickness cannot be reliably measured using the specified procedures.
Key Topics
Apparent Density for Leather:
- Defined as the weight per unit volume of bulk leather, conditioned according to ASTM D1610.
- Requires precise measurement of specimen weight, area, and thickness.
- Utilizes tools such as a round die, mallet or clicking machine, steel tape or ruler, balance, and thickness gauge.
Scope and Limitations:
- Applicable only to certain types of leather; excludes very soft leathers like chamois and unsuited for wet blue or wet white leather.
- Values are stated in inch-pound units as standard; SI units are provided for convenience only.
- Users are responsible for adhering to appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices.
Test Method Process:
- Condition the leather specimen as specified.
- Cut a disk-shaped test specimen using a round die.
- Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.001 g.
- Measure the thickness at four points and calculate the average value.
- Determine the area precisely and calculate the apparent density.
Applications
Quality Control:
- Used by leather producers and product manufacturers to ensure consistency in material density.
- Supports detection of excessive compression or improper loading during processing.
Product Development:
- Enables researchers and developers to evaluate material performance based on density, informing decisions for applications such as footwear, upholstery, automotive interiors, and fashion accessories.
Regulatory Compliance:
- Adoption of ASTM D2346-21 allows organizations to demonstrate adherence to industry-recognized testing protocols, meeting procurement and regulatory requirements.
Inter-laboratory Consistency:
- Establishes a reliable, repeatable method for cross-laboratory comparisons and proficiency testing, enhancing traceability and transparency in results.
Related Standards
Referenced ASTM Standards:
- ASTM D1610 - Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing: Ensures specimens are prepared consistently for accurate and comparable results.
- ASTM D1813 - Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens: Specifies procedures for reliable thickness measurement, integral to density calculations.
- ASTM D2347 - Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather Test Specimens: Details methods to determine specimen area, essential for density determination.
Practical Value
Adopting ASTM D2346-21 provides leather industry professionals with a standardized approach, enabling:
- Reliable material assessments for product consistency and quality assurance.
- Objective benchmarks for comparing leather types and batches.
- Support in documenting compliance with international trade, procurement, and material specification requirements.
For further information or to obtain the official standard, visit the ASTM International website.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D2346-21 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent density of specimens from their area and thickness. By measuring apparent density, the degree of loading or of compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is unsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whose thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method cited. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue or wet white. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent density of specimens from their area and thickness. By measuring apparent density, the degree of loading or of compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is unsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whose thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method cited. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue or wet white. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2346-21 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D2346-21 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D1813-13, ASTM D1610-01(2013), ASTM D2347-00(2010), ASTM D1813-00(2010), ASTM D1610-01(2007), ASTM D2347-00(2005), ASTM D1813-00(2005), ASTM D1610-01, ASTM D1610-00, ASTM D2347-00, ASTM D1813-00. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D2346-21 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2346 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 apparent density—the weight of a unit volume of bulk
leather conditioned according to Practice D1610.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-
ent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not
4. Significance and Use
apply to wet blue or wet white.
4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
density of specimens from their area and thickness. By
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
measuring apparent density, the degree of loading or of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is
and are not considered standard.
unsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whose
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cited.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5. Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Round Die, 2.7 in. to 3.0 in. (68.6 mm to 76.2 mm) in
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
diameter.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 Mallet or Clicking Machine.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.3 Rule or Steel Tape, graduated in ⁄32 in. or 0.02 in. or in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
millimetres.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.4 Balance and set of weights.
2. Referenced Documents
5.5 Thickness Gauge as described in Test Method D1813.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod- 6. Test Specimen
ucts for Testing
6.1 The test specimen shall be a disk of leather that has been
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
conditioned as specified in 3.1.1. This specimen may be the
Test Specimens
same as that used in Test Method D2347.
D2347 Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather Test
Specimens
7. Procedure
7.1 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.001 g.
3. Terminology
7.2 Measure the thickness to the nearest 0.025-cm in four
3.1 Definitions:
quadrants of th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2346 − 13 D2346 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not apply
to wet blue.blue or wet white.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2347 Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather Test Specimens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent density—the weight of a unit volume of bulk leather conditioned according to Practice D1610.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent density of specimens from their area and thickness. By measuring
apparent density, the degree of loading or of compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is unsuitable for very soft
leathers such as chamois whose thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method cited.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test method
was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method E62 – 1972).
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2021. Published May 2013January 2022. Originally approved in 1965 as D2346 – 65 T. Last previous edition approved in
20122013 as D2346 – 00D2346 – 13.(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2346-13.10.1520/D2346-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact AS
...
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