ASTM D4178-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
Standard Practice for Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is intended to provide a method to calibrate moisture analyzers used on-stream or in the laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a calibration technique based on the preparation of standards of known water content. This technique is applicable to the production of standards between 20 cm3/m3 and 2000 cm3/m3 water.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4178 − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.1.1 A carrier gas at a constant gauge pressure of 207 kPa
is passed through a molecular sieve drier and then routed over
1.1 This practice covers a calibration technique based on the
a molecular sieve support saturated with water and equilibrated
preparation of standards of known water content. This tech-
at 0 °C.
nique is applicable to the production of standards between
3 3 3 3 2.1.2 By blending different volumes of the wet carrier gas
20 cm /m and 2000 cm /m water.
with dried carrier gas, gas standards of known water concen-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tration can be prepared.
standard.
2.2 The moisture analyzer to be calibrated is then connected
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
to the source of the gas standard of known water concentration.
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 This practice is intended to provide a method to cali-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
brate moisture analyzers used on-stream or in the laboratory.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Apparatus
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for
4.1 Ice Bath Primary Standard Moisture Apparatus—Fig. 1
the safe operation of this test method procedure and related
illustrates a typical system.
activities.
4.2 Wet Test Meter, 1 L divisions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.3 Bubble Meter, graduated in cubic centimetres.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.4 Pressure Gauge—A Bourdon-type spring gauge of test
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
gauge quality, 100 mm to 250 mm in diameter, with a scale
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
range from 0 kPa to 400 kPa (0 psi to 60 psi), maximum
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
intermediate graduations of 1.5 kPa (0.25 psi).
2
4.5 Wet Mole Sieve 5A, 60/80 mesh (other mesh sizes may
2. Summary of Practice
be used, except powder).
2.1 The practice is based on the principle that ice has a
vapor pressure of 0.611 kPa at 0 °C. Therefore, when a carrier
5. Preparation of Apparatus
gas at a constant gauge pressure of 207 kPa (30 psig) is passed
5.1 Saturate mole sieve with water.
through a molecular sieve saturated with water and held at
5.1.1 Cover in beaker enough mole sieve to fill the wet mole
0 °C, the total pressure is equal to 207 kPa plus 98 kPa (one
sieve container. Add water to cover mole sieve. Let stand
atmosphere) and the water concentration of the gas leaving the
6 overnight.
molecular sieve is [0.611/(207 + 98)] × 10 ppm or 2000 ppm
5.1.2 Drain the excess water by pouring the mole sieve
volume water, regardless of flow.
slurry into a filtering funnel and letting all the free water drain
out.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
NOTE 1—The useful lifetime of the wet mole sieve is not known. It is
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
recommended that the procedure described in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 be followed
mittee D02.D0 on Hydrocarbons for Chemical and Special Uses.
prior to each calibration.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4178 – 82 (2017).
6. Procedure
DOI: 10.1520/D4178-23.
2
For a more complete discussion of this procedure, see Mator, R. T., “Trace
6.1 Fill the ice bath bucket for the primary standard appa-
Moisture Analyzers and Their Calibration,” Proceedings of the 20th Annual ISA
ratus one third full of water; then add ice to bring the level to
Analysis Instrumentation Symposium, May 12-15, 1974, Pittsburgh, PA, “Session:
Sampling and Calibration Systems,” 1974, p. 125. full.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4178 − 82 (Reapproved 2017) D4178 − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a calibration technique based on the preparation of standards of known water content. This technique is
3 3 3 3
applicable to the production of standards between 20 cm /m and 2000 cm /m water.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
2. Summary of Practice
2.1 The practice is based on the principle that ice has a vapor pressure of 0.611 kPa at 0 °C. Therefore, when a carrier gas at a
constant gauge pressure of 207 kPa (30 psig) is passed through a molecular sieve saturated with water and held at 0 °C, the total
pressure is equal to 207 kPa plus 98 kPa (one atmosphere) and the water concentration of the gas leaving the molecular sieve is
6
[0.611/(207 + 98)] × 10 ppm or 2000 ppm volume water, regardless of flow.
2.1.1 A carrier gas at a constant gauge pressure of 207 kPa is passed through a molecular sieve drier and then routed over a
molecular sieve support saturated with water and equilibrated at 0 °C.
2.1.2 By blending different volumes of the wet carrier gas with dried carrier gas, gas standards of known water concentration can
be prepared.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.D0 on Hydrocarbons for Chemical and Special Uses.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D4178 – 82 (2012).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/D4178-82R17.10.1520/D4178-23.
2
For a more complete discussion of this procedure, see Mator, R. T., “Trace Moisture Analyzers and Their Calibration,” Proceedings of the 20th Annual ISA Analysis
Instrumentation Symposium, May 12-15, 1974, Pittsburgh, PA, “Session: Sampling and Calibration Systems,” 1974, p. 125.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4178 − 23
2.2 The moisture analyzer to be calibrated is then connected to the source of the gas standard of known water concentration.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is intended to provide a method to calibrate moisture analyzers used on-stream or in the laboratory.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Ice Bath Primary Standard Moisture Apparatus—Fig. 1 illustrates a typical system.
4.2 Wet Test Meter, 1 L divisions.
4.3 Bubble Meter, graduated in cubic centimetres.
4.4 Pressure Gauge—A Bourdon-type spring gauge of test gauge quality, 100 mm to 250 mm in diameter, with a scale range from
0 kPa to 400 kPa (0 psi to 60 psi), maximum intermediate graduations of 1.5 kPa (0.25 psi).
4.5 Wet Mole Sieve 5A, 60/80 mesh (other mesh sizes may be used, except powder).
5. Preparation of Apparatus
5.1 Saturate mole sieve with water.
5.1.1 Cover in beaker enough
...
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