ASTM D2617-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the leather may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method D2807.)
The temperature of 600°C specified is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al2O3) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalies and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in leather.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2617 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Ash in Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al O ) and chro-
2 3
mic oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and
2 3
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in
phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalies
leather.
and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chro-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mate may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Crucible, 30 to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porce-
lain.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pyrometer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 600 6
D2807 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchlo-
25°C.
ric Acid Oxidation)
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
6. Test Specimen
Chemical Tests
6.1 Thespecimenshallconsistof1to5gofleatherfromthe
3. Summary of Test Method composite sample prepared in accordance with an accepted
3
procedure.
3.1 Thesampleisignitedinairat600 625°Cuntilconstant
mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is termed “ash”
NOTE 1—In some leathers, silicones or other organometallic complexes
that are solvent, soluble, and ash producing are used. It may be desirable
and is calculated as a percentage of the original sample.
to obtain ash on an extracted sample, and if so, it should be indicated on
the report.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the approxi-
7. Procedure
mate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This
7.1 Weigh accurately (to 1 mg) into a tared crucible 1 to 5
may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a
g of leather, prepared as described in 6.1, and preferably at
mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other
sufficiently close equilibrium with the laboratory humidity that
elements in the leather may be determined by subtracting the
it does not gain or lose mass at a significant rate. Place the
chromicoxidethatmaybeconvenientlydeterminedontheash.
crucible and sample in the muffle furnace and maintain at 600
(See Test Method D2807.)
6 25°C for a period of 4 h 6 5 min. (Note 2). Remove the
4.2 The temperature of 600°C specified is high enough to crucible from the furnace, cool in a desiccator, and weigh
produce a reproducible result but it does not completely (Note 3). Record the mass.
NOTE 2—The above procedure is satisfactory with most leathers. With
heavily oiled or stuffed leather, start with a cold muffle and raise
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
temperature gradually to 600°C, or burn off the oil carefully over a gas
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on ChemicalAnalysis.This
burner before placing the crucible in the hot furnace.
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists
NOTE 3—If it is difficult to burn off the carbon, as evidenced by
Assn. (Standard Method B15 – 1969).
inspection, moisten the ash with a few drops of 1+1 nitric acid, dry
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
carefully over a low flame, and then transfer to the muffle and heat as
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2617 – 06. DOI:
before.Ifthisprocedureisunsuccessful,digesttheashinthecruciblewith
10.1520/D2617-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Acceptable procedures are published in the Journal of the American Leather
the ASTM website. Chemists Association, Vol 51, 1956, p. 497; see Practice D2813.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2617 − 12
15 to 20 mL of hot water for a few minutes, and filter the suspension
sample under identically controll
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2617–06 Designation: D2617 – 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Ash in Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in leather.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2807 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample is ignited in air at 600 6 25°C until constant mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is termed “ash” and
is calculated as a percentage of the original sample.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This may be
in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the
leather may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method
D2807.)
4.2 The temperature of 600°C specified is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate
such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al O ) and chromic oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be
2 3 2 3
incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalies and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore,
caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Crucible, 30 to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porcelain.
5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and pyrometer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 600 6 25°C.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The specimen shall consist of 1 to5gof leather from the composite sample prepared in accordance with an accepted
3
procedure.
NOTE 1—In some leathers, silicones or other organometallic complexes that are solvent, soluble, and ash producing are used. It may be desirable to
obtain ash on an extracted sample, and if so, it should be indicated on the report.
7. Procedure
7.1 Weighaccurately(to1mg)intoataredcrucible1to5gofleather,preparedasdescribedin6.1,andpreferablyatsufficiently
close equilibrium with the laboratory humidity that it does not gain or lose mass at a significant rate. Place the crucible and sample
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on ChemicalAnalysis. This test
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method B15 – 1969).
Current edition approved Oct.April 1, 2006.2012. Published November 2006.April 2012. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D2617–96(2001).D2617 – 06. DOI: 10.1520/D2617-06. 10.1520/D2617-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Acceptable procedures are published in the Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, Vol 51, 1956, p. 497; see Practice D2813.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2617 – 12
in the muffle furnace and maintain at 600 6 25°C for at least 15 min after the absence a period of char or glowing embers, to
destroy carbonaceous matter4 h 6 5 min. (Note 2). Remove the crucible from the furnace, cool in a desiccator, and weigh (Note
3). Replace in the furnace and maintain at 600 6 25°C for another 15 min. Repeat the weighing operation. Continue heating for
15minandweighingasdescribedaboveuntilamassconstantwithin0.2mgisobtained.Recordthefinalmass.).Record
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.