ASTM D7139-20

Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.  
1.2 This terminology is unique to the Cotton Fibers industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D7139 is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.11.  
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D123.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2020
• ICS: 01.040.59 - Textile and leather technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.11 - Cotton Fibers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7139-09(2013)e1 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1684-07(2020) - Standard Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms for Color Grading
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5867-12(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1464-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1440-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2495-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1442-06(2019) - Standard Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5426-19 - Standard Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used for Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D5426-12(2017) - Standard Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used for Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013

Overview

ASTM D7139-20: Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers is a comprehensive standard developed by ASTM Subcommittee D13.11, focusing exclusively on terminology used within the cotton fibers industry. This standard serves as both a specialized dictionary and a vital tool for maintaining consistency in the use and interpretation of cotton fiber terms across industrial, research, and quality control applications. ASTM D7139-20 helps ensure clear communication and reduces confusion caused by redundant or conflicting definitions.

Key Topics

• Industry-Specific Terminology: Provides standardized definitions for terms uniquely used in the cotton fibers industry, streamlining communication between manufacturers, laboratories, and regulatory bodies.
• Redundancy Management: Centralizes terms to prevent overlapping or conflicting definitions, supporting clarity and efficiency.
• Scope and Jurisdiction: Covers only those terms under ASTM Subcommittee D13.11, with direct references for textile terms outside cotton-specific usage.
• Reference to Related Standards: Directs users to ASTM D123 for broader textile terminology, recognizing overlap with the wider textile sector.

Example Terminology Included

• Fiber length and uniformity (such as "mean length," "upper-half-mean length," "length interval")
• Maturity and fineness (terms like "mature fibers," "micronaire reading")
• Moisture and water content ("bound water," "free water," "water regain")
• Physical properties ("strength analyzer," "elongation at breaking force")
• Foreign matter ("non-lint content," "trash," "seed coat fragment")
• Processing definitions ("ginned lint," "raw cotton," "test specimen")

Applications

ASTM D7139-20 is widely used by stakeholders across the cotton supply chain to:

• Standardize documentation: Ensures laboratory reports, product specifications, and research papers use unified cotton fiber terminology, reducing miscommunication.
• Support quality control: Helps laboratories and manufacturing operations align test results and product assessments to common definitions, crucial for comparative analysis and product certification.
• Facilitate international trade: By utilizing terminology developed to international standardization principles, global buyers and sellers can rely on consistent language and understanding, reducing trade barriers or disputes.
• Educational reference: Acts as a definitive glossary for students, new employees, and technical personnel in the cotton industry.
• Regulatory compliance: Supports adherence to trade, labeling, and export-import requirements that depend on accurate product descriptions.

Related Standards

ASTM D7139-20 is most effective when referenced alongside key related ASTM standards, including:

• ASTM D123: Terminology Relating to Textiles - covers broader textile terms not unique to cotton.
• ASTM D1440/D1447: Test Methods for Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers.
• ASTM D1442: Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers.
• ASTM D2495: Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying.
• ASTM D5867: Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments.
• ASTM D7642: Practice for Establishment of Calibration Cottons for Cotton Classification Instruments.

These standards, combined with D7139-20, form the foundation of modern cotton fiber testing, grading, and classification systems.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM D7139-20 in your cotton-related operations leads to:

• Improved accuracy in test reporting and documentation
• Reduced risk of misunderstandings and costly errors in manufacturing and trade
• Streamlined training and onboarding for technical and quality management staff
• Greater confidence among customers and partners in your product claims and quality assurances

Keywords: ASTM D7139-20, cotton fibers terminology, cotton fiber standards, cotton testing, quality control, ASTM standards, textile definitions.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7139 − 20
Standard Terminology for
Cotton Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-
bers (Withdrawn 2020)
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology
D1464 Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
developed by Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
D1684 Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms for
1.2 ThisterminologyisuniquetotheCottonFibersindustry.
Color Grading
Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be
D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
D2496 Test Method for Seed Coat Fragments and Funiculi
in Cotton Fiber Samples (Withdrawn 1986)
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D7139 is
also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology.This D2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results
includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies,
that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
are defined in different words.
D5332 Test Method for Fiber Length and Length Distribu-
1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee
tion of Cotton Fibers (Withdrawn 2006)
D13.11.
D5426 Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fab-
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology
rics Used for Inflatable Restraints
D123.
D5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- ties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D7642 Practice for Establishment of Calibration Cottons for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Cotton Classification Instruments
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- D7785 Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Titration
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A-tuft, n—a single-pass process for aligning hook free fibers
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
on the Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
D1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph
Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
(optical) or Length Analyzer (pneumatic), a measure of the
D1442 Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium
thickness, optical or pneumatic density, of the test beard,
Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)
proportional to the number of fibers present at various
D1445 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
distances from the base of the comb(s) (Fibrograph) or the
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
specimen clamp jaws (Length Analyzer). D5867
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph,a
measureofthethickness,oropticaldensity,ofthetestbeard,
proportional to the number of fibers present at various
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
distances from the base of the comb(s). D1447
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
B-tuft, n—a two-pass process for aligning hooked fibers on the
ɛ1
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7139–09(2013) .
Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
DOI: 10.1520/D7139-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7139 − 20
blending plan, n—the instructions for mixing fibers during cotton maturity, n—the degree of fiber wall development.
specimen preparation. D5332 D1442
bound water, n—the amount of water in a test specimen that
cotton waste, n—material removed from seed cotton, ginned
is hydrogen bonded to cellulose and expressed as a percent-
lint, or stock in process by any cleaning or processing
age of the mass of the specimen. D7785
machinery and usually consisting of undesirable fibers or a
mixture of cotton fibers with foreign matter. D2495
calibration cotton standards, n—cotton samples taken from
blended bulk source on which fiber properties have been
differential dyeing behavior, n—of cotton, the tendency of
determined under the International Calibration Cotton Stan-
cotton fibers to absorb and retain selectively varying propor-
dards Program. D1448, D3025, D5867
tions of different dyes from a binary dye bath. D1464
calibration cotton standards, n—bales of cotton with estab-
elevator, n—a general term describing a mechanical device on
lished values of micronaire, length, uniformity index and
the Motion Control, Inc. Fiber Information System which
breaking tenacity (strength) for the purpose of calibrating
moves the specimen clamp while preparing the specimen or
cotton classification instruments for length, uniformity index
while taking a length/uniformity index or strength/
and breaking tenacity (strength). D7642
elongation measurement. D5867
candidate bale, n—bale of saw ginned cotton selected for
elongation at breaking force, n—in fiber strength testing of
potential use as a calibration cotton standard. D7642
cotton, the elongation corresponding to the maximum force,
and expressed as a percentage of the 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) gage
coefficient of length variation, n—a measure of fiber length
length. D1445, D5867
distribution. D1440, D5332
extra long staple cotton, n—also known as Pima cotton,
color grading, n—the act of identifying a specimen by a color
cotton that is of the gossypium barbadense species which is
grade or color score that is specific to the color and the
characterized by longer, stronger and finer fibers compared
material graded. D1684
to Upland cotton. D7642
color lamp, n—in color determination of cotton with a Color
Meter, a lamp with a specific energy output function used in fanhead, n—the process of removing one half of the bands
conjunctionwithspecialtristimulusfilterstoobtainadesired fromoneendofacottonbaletoexpand(swellout)thelayers
response function. D5867 of the bale in order to facilitate bale sampling. D7642
color meter, n—an instrument which measures the fiber
fanheading, n—the process of removing one half of the bands
samplecoloraspresentedintheviewingwindow,intermsof
fromoneendofacottonbaletoexpand(swellout)thelayers
the tristimulus values Y and Z and transmits these values to
of the bale in order to facilitate bale sampling. D7642
the IC/TC for further processing. D5867
Fiberweigh, n—an instrument having a capacity for weighing
color space, n—specific to this standard, the daylight color of
a 51-grain (3.30-g) specimen with a sensitivity of at least
opaque specimens are represented by points in a space in
0.2 % of the mass being weighed. D5867
terms of three color scales: reflectance, R , and the chroma-
d
fibrogram, n—in testing cotton fibers for length, the curve
ticity coordinates for redness or greenness, 6a, and yellow-
representingthesecondcumulationofthelengthdistribution
ness or blueness, 6b.
of the fibers sensed by the length measuring instrument in
comber/brusher, n—an instrument which prepares the test
scanning the fiber board. D5867
beard of fibers for length, length uniformity, strength, and
fibrogram, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph,the
elongation measurements by combing the test specimen to
curve representing the second cumulation of the length
remove loose or unclamped fibers and paralleling the indi-
distribution of the fibers sensed by the length measuring
vidually clamped fibers, and by brushing the clamped fibers
instrument in scanning the fiber board. D1447
to remove fiber crimp and smooth the test beard of cotton.
D5867
Fibronaire, n—aninstrumentwhichdeterminesthemicronaire
control limits, n—predetermined ranges based on the variabil- reading of raw cotton fibers using the “porous-plug” air flow
technique. D5867
ity of past observations between which the instrument data
for a test must fall to be considered valid. D5867
foreign matter, n—in cotton, non-lint material commonly
cotton, n—avegetableseedfiberconsistingofunicellularhairs referred to as waste or trash such as dust, sand, seed-coat
attached to the seed of several species of the genus Gossy-
fragments, leaves, and stems normally present in raw and
pium of the family Malvaceae. D1445 partially processed cotton. D2812, D5426
cotton color diagram, n—a diagram showing the color ranges
free water, n—the amount of water in a test specimen that is
of standards officially established by the U.S. Department of
hydrogen bonded to other water in cellulose and expressed
Agriculture for the various grades of cotton in relation to
as a percentage of the mass of the specimen.
scalesofreflectance. R ,ontheverticalaxis,andyellowness,
DISCUSSION—Free water in cellulose freezes. A distinction of bound
d
+ b, on the horizontal axis. D5867 water into the freezing and non-freezing kinds is not necessary. Both
D7139 − 20
kinds of bound water, if present, come off the fibers since no residual
and which is subsequently recovered from the seed by a
water can be detected. D7785
process called “delinting.” D5867
ginned lint, n—cotton fibers that have been separated from lumen, n—in vegetable fibers, the central canal of the fiber.
their seeds by ginning but not subjected to any further
D1442
processing after ginning. (See lint cotton.) D2495
mature fibers, n—cotton fibers treated with sodium hydroxide
hooks, n—in fiber testing, curved or bent fiber ends caused by solution—fibers that have swollen into unconvoluted and
the carding or specimen preparation processes. D5332
almost rod-like shapes, where total wall width is equal to or
greater than the lumen width. D1442
horseshoe, n—a length of sliver folded in a manner such that
the two ends can be fed simultaneously into the needle field
mature fibers, n—cotton fibers observed under polarized
of the Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
light—fibers that appear yellow, yellow green, or green and
are yellow or light yellow upon rotation to the subtractive
IC/TC, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Color/Trash
position (through 90°) and show little or no parallel extinc-
Coordinator. D5867
tion on removal of the selenite plate. (Compare immature
IDT, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Data Terminal. D5867 fibers.) D1442
illumination, n—in lighting, the density or flux of light on a maturity index, n—a relative indication of cotton fiber matu-
unit area of surface. D1684
rity.
immature fibers, n—(1) (cotton fibers treated with sodium
mean length, n—
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7139 − 09 (Reapproved 2013) D7139 − 20
Standard Terminology for
Cotton Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The terms “lot” and “lot sample” were removed editorially in September 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
1.2 This terminology is unique to the Cotton Fibers industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be found
in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D7139 is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology. This includes
finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in
different words.
1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.11.
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D123.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
D1442 Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)
D1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers (Withdrawn 2020)
D1464 Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
D1684 Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms for Color Grading
D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013July 1, 2020. Published September 2013August 2020. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
ɛ1
D7139–09(2013).D7139–09(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/D7139-09R13E01.10.1520/D7139-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7139 − 20
D2496 Test Method for Seed Coat Fragments and Funiculi in Cotton Fiber Samples (Withdrawn 1986)
D2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
D5332 Test Method for Fiber Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers (Withdrawn 2006)
D5426 Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used for Inflatable Restraints
D5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
D7642 Practice for Establishment of Calibration Cottons for Cotton Classification Instruments
D7785 Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
3. Terminology
A-tuft, n—a single-pass process for aligning hook free fibers on the Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph (optical) or Length Analyzer (pneumatic), a measure of the thickness,
optical or pneumatic density, of the test beard, proportional to the number of fibers present at various distances from the base
of the comb(s) (Fibrograph) or the specimen clamp jaws (Length Analyzer). D5867
amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph, a measure of the thickness, or optical density, of the test beard,
proportional to the number of fibers present at various distances from the base of the comb(s). D1447
B-tuft, n—a two-pass process for aligning hooked fibers on the Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
blending plan, n—the instructions for mixing fibers during specimen preparation. D5332
bound water, n—the amount of water in a test specimen that is hydrogen bonded to cellulose and expressed as a percentage of
the mass of the specimen. D7785
calibration cotton standards, n—cotton samples taken from blended bulk source on which fiber properties have been
determined under the International Calibration Cotton Standards Program. D1448, D3025, D5867
calibration cotton standards, n—bales of cotton with established values of micronaire, length, uniformity index and breaking
tenacity (strength) for the purpose of calibrating cotton classification instruments for length, uniformity index and breaking
tenacity (strength). D7642
candidate bale, n—bale of saw ginned cotton selected for potential use as a calibration cotton standard. D7642
coefficient of length variation, n—a measure of fiber length distribution. D1440, D5332
color grading, n—the act of identifying a specimen by a color grade or color score that is specific to the color and the material
graded. D1684
color lamp, n—in color determination of cotton with a Color Meter, a lamp with a specific energy output function used in
conjunction with special tristimulus filters to obtain a desired response function. D5867
color meter, n—an instrument which measures the fiber sample color as presented in the viewing window, in terms of the
tristimulus values Y and Z and transmits these values to the IC/TC for further processing. D5867
color space, n—specific to this standard, the daylight color of opaque specimens are represented by points in a space in terms
of three color scales: reflectance, R , and the chromaticity coordinates for redness or greenness, 6a, and yellowness or blueness,
d
6b.
D7139 − 20
comber/brusher, n—an instrument which prepares the test beard of fibers for length, length uniformity, strength, and elongation
measurements by combing the test specimen to remove loose or unclamped fibers and paralleling the individually clamped
fibers, and by brushing the clamped fibers to remove fiber crimp and smooth the test beard of cotton. D5867
control limits, n—predetermined ranges based on the variability of past observations between which the instrument data for a
test must fall to be considered valid. D5867
cotton, n—a vegetable seed fiber consisting of unicellular hairs attached to the seed of several species of the genus Gossypium
of the family Malvaceae. D1445
cotton color diagram, n—a diagram showing the color ranges of standards officially established by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture for the various grades of cotton in relation to scales of reflectance. R , on the vertical axis, and yellowness, + b, on
d
the horizontal axis. D5867
cotton maturity, n—the degree of fiber wall development. D1442
cotton waste, n—material removed from seed cotton, ginned lint, or stock in process by any cleaning or processing machinery
and usually consisting of undesirable fibers or a mixture of cotton fibers with foreign matter. D2495
differential dyeing behavior, n—of cotton, the tendency of cotton fibers to absorb and retain selectively varying proportions of
different dyes from a binary dye bath. D1464
elevator, n—a general term describing a mechanical device on the Motion Control, Inc. Fiber Information System which moves
the specimen clamp while preparing the specimen or while taking a length/uniformity index or strength/elongation measurement.
D5867
elongation at breaking force, n—in fiber strength testing of cotton, the elongation corresponding to the maximum force, and
expressed as a percentage of the 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) gage length. D1445, D5867
extra long staple cotton, n—also known as Pima cotton, cotton that is of the gossypium barbadense species which is
characterized by longer, stronger and finer fibers compared to Upland cotton. D7642
fanhead, n—the process of removing one half of the bands from one end of a cotton bale to expand (swell out) the layers of
the bale in order to facilitate bale sampling. D7642
fanheading, n—the process of removing one half of the bands from one end of a cotton bale to expand (swell out) the layers
of the bale in order to facilitate bale sampling. D7642
Fiberweigh, n—an instrument having a capacity for weighing a 51-grain (3.30-g) specimen with a sensitivity of at least 0.2 %
of the mass being weighed. D5867
fibrogram, n—in testing cotton fibers for length, the curve representing the second cumulation of the length distribution of the
fibers sensed by the length measuring instrument in scanning the fiber board. D5867
fibrogram, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph, the curve representing the second cumulation of the length
distribution of the fibers sensed by the length measuring instrument in scanning the fiber board. D1447
Fibronaire, n—an instrument which determines the micronaire reading of raw cotton fibers using the “porous-plug” air flow
technique. D5867
D7139 − 20
foreign matter, n—in cotton, non-lint material commonly referred to as waste or trash such as dust, sand, seed-coat fragments,
leaves, and stems normally present in raw and partially processed cotton. D2812, D5426
free water, n—the amount of water in a test specimen that is hydrogen bonded to other water in cellulose and expressed as a
percentage of the mass of the specimen.
DISCUSSION—
Free water in cellulose freezes. A distinction of bound water into the freezing and non-freezing kinds is not necessary. Both kinds of bound water, if
present, come off the fibers since no residual water can be detected. D7785
ginned lint, n—cotton fibers that have been separated from their seeds by ginning but not subjected to any further processing
after ginning. (See lint cotton.) D2495
hooks, n—in fiber testing, curved or bent fiber ends caused by the carding or specimen preparation processes. D5332
horseshoe, n—a length of sliver folded in a manner such that the two ends can be fed simultaneously into the needle field of
the Fibroliner FL-101. D5332
IC/TC, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Color/Trash Coordinator. D5867
IDT, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Data Terminal. D5867
illumination, n—in lighting, the density or flux of light on a unit area of surface. D1684
immature fibers, n—(1) (cotton fibers treated with sodium hydroxide solution)—fibers that either (a) have swollen and assumed
a spiral form, or (b) remained flat, thinly outlined, and almost transparent. Total wall width is less than the lumen width.
(2) (cotton fibers observed under polarized light)—fibers that appear purple, indigo, or blue, turn orange or yellow-orange upon
rotation to the subtractive position, and upon removal of the selenite plate show parallel extinction. (Compare mature fibers.)
D1442
invisible waste, n—in cotton testing, weight loss due to dust, moisture, loose fibers, etc., carried away by the air stream during
the test. D2812
length (for cotton classificat
...