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ASTM F2252-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can impact the readability of printed materials, affect the functionality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination. This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of ink or coating to a flexible packaging material.
For purposes of resolving inter-laboratory disagreements, test methods developed from this practice may be improved by defining and controlling the pressure and method of tape application, (for example, using weighted roller), and the speed and angle of tape removal.
This practice does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means of evaluating ink or coating adhesion to flexible packaging materials. This practice is intended for use on flexible packaging materials whose surfaces are not damaged by the application and removal of tape.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2003
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.20 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2252-03(2008) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM F2252-03 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using TapeASTM F2252-03 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
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ASTM F2252-03 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2252–03
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging
Materials Using Tape
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2252; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This practice describes a means of evaluating ink or 4.1 3M #610 or Sellotape office adhesive tape is commonly
coating adhesion to flexible packaging materials. This practice used for this procedure, typically 19 to 25 mm ( ⁄4 to 1 in.)
is intended for use on flexible packaging materials whose wide. Whichever tape is chosen should be agreed upon by
surfaces are not damaged by the application and removal of customer and supplier.
tape. 4.1.1 Manufacturers storage and shelf-life recommenda-
tions should be followed or acceptability determined through
2. Referenced Documents
real-time aging and laboratory tests. Test Method D 3330/
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3330M gives guidance on testing. Again, as stated in 3.3,
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics acceptability criteria is a matter of agreement between cus-
D 3330/D 3330M Test Method for Peel Adhesion of
tomer and supplier.
Pressure-Sensitive Tape
5. Sampling
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing 5.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to be
predictive of performance. Caution should be taken when
3. Significance and Use
eliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.
3.1 Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can 5.2 See Practice D 1898 for guidance on standard sampling
impact the readability of printed materials, affect the function-
practices.
ality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination.
6. Conditioning
This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of
ink or coating to a flexible packaging material. 6.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the material
3.2 For purposes of resolving inter-laboratory disagree- under evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,
ments, test methods developed from this practice may be normal, and desirable, then condition the test specimens at 23
improved by defining and controlling the pressure and method 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % RH for not less than 24
of tape application, (for example, using weighted roller), and h prior to test.
the speed and angle of tape removal. 6.2 Before testing catalyzed or cured inks or coatings, or
3.3 This practice does not address acceptability criteria. both, ensure that the samples have been exposed to the
These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer appropriate conditions for sufficient time to allow complete
of the product. cure.
6.3 See Practice D 4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-
tices.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
7. Procedure
Phys
...

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Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

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3.1 Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can impact the readability of printed materials, affect the functionality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination. This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of ink or coating to a flexible packaging material.  
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Standard Practice for Evaluation of Chemical Resistance of Printed Inks and Coatings on Flexible Packaging Materials

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3.1 Packaging materials may be exposed to chemicals such as water, alcohol, acid, etc. during their life cycle. If it is anticipated that the packaging material will be exposed to a chemical, it is important that the ink or coating, or both, not degrade, soften, or dissolve as a result of that contact.  
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1.1 This practice describes the procedure for evaluating the ability of an ink, overprint varnish or coating to withstand chemical exposure. Typical chemicals, which may come in contact with the package, include water, alcohol, acid, etc. The specific chemical and method of choice as well as determination of measurement outcome are left to users to agree upon in joint discussion. Suggestions for ways to measure and collect information are offered in the various methods listed in this practice.  
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ASTM D6419-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset inks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer and user and to environmental interests as part of the determination of the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from the ink.
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5.1 The viscosity of paint, inks and many related liquid materials is dependent on temperature. It is useful to know the extent of this dependence. One use of such information is to prepare a viscosity-temperature table or curve. Then, if ambient conditions do not allow the measurement of viscosity at the exact temperature stated in a specification or regulation, the viscosity measured at ambient temperature can be used to determine the viscosity at the temperature of interest through the use of the previously prepared table or curve. Viscosity measurements that cover a range of shear rates as well as temperatures could include shear rates associated with paint application or allow extrapolation to such shear rates. This information would enable a producer or user to estimate the effect on application of heating the paint.
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5.1 These practices provide means of preparing small quantities of resin solution (in some procedures in an inert gas atmosphere using uniform, controlled heating).  
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1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing an oil-based ink resin solution in a high-boiling solvent using four pieces of lab equipment:
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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D7734/D7734M-13(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Open Time of Oxidative Printing Inks and Overprint Varnishes by a Manual Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 When formulating printing inks and overprint varnishes that dry primarily by oxidation it is important to know the stay open time so that premature drying does not occur on the printing press rollers and other components.  
3.2 The applied ink or OPV film used for testing is thicker than the film printed on the substrate and nominally represents the film on the printing press rollers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a manual procedure for determining the stay open time of oxidative drying printing inks and overprint varnishes by a finger transfer method. Open is defined as a wet ink/varnish film.  
1.2 The amount of time required to reach the endpoint is recorded in hours.  
1.3 Typical inks and overprint varnishes that dry by oxidation are oil based sheetfed offset, letterpress, and screen inks.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6073-08a(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Setting of Heatset Printing Inks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The setting speed of heatset printing inks is important because it influences the efficiency of the drying process. This test method provides a means for comparing the setting of a heatset ink directly against a standard at the same conditions of temperature and exposure time. While the method does not determine the setting speed of an ink on a production press, it is useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
5.2 The setting speed of a printing ink depends on a number of variables such as the substrate on which it is printed, the film thickness on the print, the temperature of the forced air, the rate of air flow, and the time that the print is subjected to heat. For these reasons, it is important to conduct the tests under conditions that are controlled and as realistic as practical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative setting speed of heatset inks using a tester consisting of a forced hot air oven and print delivery system.  
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1.4 This tester reads temperature and belt speed in nonmetric terms; therefore, instrument settings in this test method are stated first in U.S. Customary Units (inch pound units of measurements). The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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