ASTM C1499-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization and design code or model verification.
Engineering applications of ceramics frequently involve biaxial tensile stresses. Generally, the resistance to equibiaxial flexure is the measure of the least flexural strength of a monolithic advanced ceramic. The equibiaxial flexural strength distributions of ceramics are probabilistic and can be described by a weakest link failure theory, (1, 2) . Therefore, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical estimation or' the equibiaxial strength.
Equibiaxial strength tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under multiple tensile stresses. Multiaxial stress states are required to effectively evaluate failure theories applicable to component design, and to efficiently sample surfaces that may exhibit anisotropic flaw distributions. Equibiaxial tests also minimize the effects of test specimen edge preparation as compared to uniaxial tests because the generated stresses are lowest at the test specimen edges.
The test results of equibiaxial test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material and/or selected portions of a component may not totally represent the strength properties in the entire, full-size component or its in-service behavior in different environments.
For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized equibiaxial test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the bulk material from which they were taken for any given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments or exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equibiaxial strength of advanced ceramics at ambient temperature via concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial loading. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes, testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test specimens are considered: machined test specimens and as-fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage. Strength as used in this test method refers to the maximum strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Monotonic loading refers to a test conducted at a constant rate in a continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1499–08
Standard Test Method for
Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced
1
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equibi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
axialstrengthofadvancedceramicsatambienttemperaturevia C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial load- C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
ing. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
modes, testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection Ceramics
and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test C 1259 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
specimens are considered: machined test specimens and as- Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by
fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage. Impulse Excitation of Vibration
Strength as used in this test method refers to the maximum C 1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Mono- Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
tonic loading refers to a test conducted at a constant rate in a E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
final fracture. ing
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, someter Systems
homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method is E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as peratures)
certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may F 394 Test Method for Biaxial Flexure Strength (Modulus
3
also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, of Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates (Discontinued 2001)
continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
application of this test method to these materials is not
3. Terminology
recommended.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to biaxial
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this testing appearing in TerminologyE6 and Terminology C 1145
may apply to the terms used in this test method. Pertinent
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the definitionsarelistedbelowwiththeappropriatesourcegivenin
parentheses.Additionaltermsusedinconjunctionwiththistest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- method are defined in the following section.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Mechanical Properties and Performance. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1499 – 05. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1499–08
3.1.1 advancedceramic,n—highly engineered, high perfor- tive of the response of the bulk material from which they were
mance predominately non- metallic, inorganic, ceramic mate- taken for any given primary processing conditions and post-
rial having specific functional attributes. C 1145 processing heat treatments or exposures.
3.1.2 breaking load, [F], n—load at which fracture occurs.
E6
5. Inte
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1499–05 Designation:C1499–08
Standard Test Method for
Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced
1
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equibiaxial strength of advanced ceramics at ambient temperature via
concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial loading. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes,
testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test specimens are
considered: machined test specimens and as-fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage. Strength as used in this
test method refers to the maximum strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Monotonic loading refers to a test
conducted at a constant rate in a continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 Thistestmethodisintendedprimarilyforusewithadvancedceramicsthatmacroscopicallyexhibitisotropic,homogeneous,
continuous behavior. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or
particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these
macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic,
homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and Practice E380.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced Ceramics
C 1259 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio forAdvanced Ceramics by Impulse
Excitation of Vibration
C 1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer System Practice for Verification and Classification of
Extensometer Systems
E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E380Practice for Use of International System of Units (SI) (The Modernized Metric System)
F 394TestMethodforIroninTraceQuantitiesUsingthe1,10-PhenanthrolineMethod TestMethodforBiaxialFlexureStrength
(Modulus of Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates (Discontinued 2001)
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to biaxial testing appearing inTerminology E 6 andTerminology C 1145 may
apply to the terms used in this test method. Pertinent definitions are listed below with the appropriate source given in parentheses.
Additional terms used in conjunction with this test method are defined in the following section.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved JuneAug. 1, 2005.2008. Published June 2005.September 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 as
C 1499 – 045.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
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