ASTM D924-04

Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes testing of new electrical insulating liquids as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus.
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65 Hz.
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are permitted as described in Sections to .
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in .

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2004
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D924-03a - Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D1169-19a - Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7416-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using a Particular Five-Part (Dielectric Permittivity, Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Switching Magnetic Fields, Laser Particle Counter, Microscopic Debris Analysis, and Orbital Viscometer) Integrated Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5222-23 - Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D2413-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D1934-20 - Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 924–04
Standard Test Method for
Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage
3
Testing
1.1 This test method describes testing of new electrical
insulating liquids as well as liquids in service or subsequent to
3. Terminology
service in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this test
electrical apparatus.
method are given in Terminology D 2864. Also refer to Test
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making
Methods D 150 for detailed discussion of terms.
referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65
Hz.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations
4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a mea-
requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test
sure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid
method are permitted as described in Sections 16 to 24.
when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific
and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.
warnings are given in 11.3.3.
4.1.1 The loss characteristic is commonly measured in
2. Referenced Documents terms of dissipation factor (tangent of the loss angle) or of
2 power factor (sine of the loss angle) and may be expressed as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a decimal value or as a percentage. For decimal values up to
D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
0.05, dissipation factor and power factor values are equal to
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulat-
each other within about one part in one thousand. In general,
ing Materials
since the dissipation factor or power factor of insulating oils in
D 923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
good condition have decimal values below 0.005, the two
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
measurements (terms) may be considered interchangeable.
uids and Gases
4.1.2 The exact relationship between dissipation factor (D)
D 2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equip-
and power factor (PF) is given by the following equations:
ment for Electrical Insulating Materials Testing
D PF
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
PF 5 D 5 (1)
2 2
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1 1 D 12~PF!
= =
2.2 IEEE Standard:
The reported value of D or PF may be expressed as a
decimal value or as a percentage. For example:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on D or PF at 25°C 5 0.002 or 0.2% (2)
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
4.2 Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)—Insulating
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally liquids are used in general either to insulate components of an
approved in 1947 as D 924 – 47 T. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
electrical network from each other and from ground, alone or
D 924 – 03a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane,
the ASTM website. Piscataway, NJ 08854.
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D924–04
incombinationwithsolidinsulatingmaterials,ortofunctionas PROCEDURE FOR MAKING REFEREE TESTS
the dielectric of a capacitor. For the first use, a low value of
6. Apparatus
relative permittivity is often desirable
...