ASTM C279-88(2007)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
ABSTRACT
This specification covers chemical-resistant masonry units, specifically, solid kiln fired bricks and tiles made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical environments. The bricks and tiles are considered to be of three types as follows: Type I, for use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors; Type II, for use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required; and Type III, for use where minimum absorption and maximum acid resistance are required. The masonry units shall undergo tests and adhere accordingly to the following physical and chemical requirements: water absorption, warpage, surface texture, size and dimension, flexural strength, modulus of rupture, sulfuric acid solubility, and percent weight loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tile made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical environments.
1.2 The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their composition is determined by the source of raw materials. Regardless of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be of three types as follows:
1.2.1 Type I - For use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors.
1.2.2 Type II - For use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required.
1.2.3 Type III - For use where minimum absorption and maximum acid resistance are required. Note 1
Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in thermal shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular application should be determined at the time of purchase by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Note 2
Types I and III were formerly designated Type "H'' and "L'' respectively.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C279 – 88 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C20 Test Methods forApparent Porosity,WaterAbsorption,
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tile
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical
Structural Clay Tile
environments.
C397 Practice for Use of Chemically Setting Chemical-
1.2 The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile
Resistant Silicate and Silica Mortars
differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their compo-
C723 Practice for Chemical-Resistant Resin Grouts for
sition is determined by the source of raw materials. Regardless
Brick or Tile
of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be of three
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
types as follows:
Sieves
1.2.1 Type I—For use where low absorption and high acid
resistance are not major factors.
3. Physical Properties
1.2.2 Type II—For use where lower absorption and higher
3.1 Strength—The brick and tile when tested in accordance
acid resistance are required.
with Test Methods C67 shall conform to the requirements for
1.2.3 Type III—For use where minimum absorption and
modulus of rupture (flexural strength) for the type specified, as
maximum acid resistance are required.
prescribed in Table 1.
NOTE 1—Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in thermal
3.2 Water Absorption—The brick and tile when tested in
shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular
accordance with Test Methods C20 shall conform to the
application should be determined at the time of purchase by agreement
requirements for water absorption (based on the 2 h boil) for
between the purchaser and the supplier.
the type specified, as prescribed in Table 1.
NOTE 2—Types I and III were formerly designated Type “H’’ and “L’’
3.3 Sizes—The sizes of the brick and tile shall be as
respectively.
specified by the purchaser. The length, width, and depth
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
measurements of the brick or tile shall be within 63 % of the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
specified dimensions when tested in accordance with Test
information only.
Methods C67.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Warpage—The brick and tile when tested in accordance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with Test Methods C67 shall conform to the requirements as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shown in Table 2.(Warning—The above tolerances may not
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be consistent with the recommended mortar joint sizes con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tained in Practices C397 and C723. If brick or tile with tighter
tolerances than those described in 3.3 or 3.4 are required, the
2. Referenced Documents
2 purchaser shall negotiate such requirements with the manufac-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
turer.)
3.5 Surface Textures—Brick or tile surfaces should be
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
textured in order to promote better bonding. Texturing may be
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
accomplished by scoring, wire cutting, matting, or other means
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
consistent with a manufacturer’s process. If texturing is done,
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C279 – 88 (2001). DOI: the protrusion or indentation shall not exceed ⁄8 in. (3 mm) in
10.1520/C0279-88R07.
depth.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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C279 – 88 (2007)
TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Requirements for Brick and Tile
7.1.4 Drying Oven.
Modulus of Rupture Water Absorption H SO Solubility 7.1.5 Analytical Balance and Weights, 0.01-g sensitivity.
2 4
(Brick or Tile Flat- Maximum % by Maximum %
7.1.6 Desiccator.
wise) min. psi (MPa) 2 h Boiling Test Weight Loss
Designation
7.1.7 Erlenmeyer Flask, 750-mL, of heat-resistant and
Average of 5 Average of 5
Average of 5
Brick or Tile Brick or Tile chemically resistant glass.
Brick or Tile
Low Individual High Individual
7.1.8 Water-Cooled Condenser.
Type I 1250 (8.6) 1000 (6.9) 6.0 7.0 20
7.1.9 Hot Plate.
Type II 1250 (8.6) 1000 (6.9) 4.0 5.0 12
Type III 1250 (8.6) 1000 (6.9) 1.0 1.5 8
7.1.10 Fritted-Glass Funnel, fine porosity.
7.1.11 Suction Pump.
7.2 Preparation of Sample—Prepare the sample from at
TABLE 2 Tolerances on Warpage
least five masonry units selected in accordance with Test
Minimum Face Dimensions, Maximum Permissible
...
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