ASTM D7932-17(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
ABSTRACT
This specification provides a standard means for testing and measuring the performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time. This specification includes standard laboratory test methods to simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associated degradation of required performance characteristics. The data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria between a supplier and customer. This specification covers the physical properties of the labels, as well as workmanship, finish and appearance, acceptance criteria, testing procedures, reporting of all the steps taken, certification, and preparation for delivery.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides a standard means to test and measure performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7932 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in
Extreme Distribution Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7932; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
1.1 This specification provides a standard means to test and
cal Insulation
measure performance characteristics of printed, pressure-
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example,
ments
hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For
D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-
the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution
Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-
environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to
tions
experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather,
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
physical elements for an extended period of time.
Coordinates
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D3611 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Pressure-Sensitive
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Tapes
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
Packaging Components for Testing
conformance with the standard.
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fuel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D6252/D6252M Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Sensitive Label Stocks at a 90° Angle
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Platform Abraser
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3
2.2 Department of Defense Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
MIL-STD-810 Environmental Engineering Considerations
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and Laboratory Tests
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
MIL-STD-2073-1 Standard Practice for Military Packaging
MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type,
2. Referenced Documents
JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F-37)
A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic
2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
Classification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
SAE J300 Engine Oil Classification
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
Labels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7932 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/D7932-17R23. Copies of these documents are available from DLA Document Services,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM quicksearch.dla.mil.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Copies of these documents are available from Society of Automotive Engineers
the ASTM website. (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7932 − 17 (2023)
2.4 Other: during transportation and storage. This specification provides
ISO/IEC 15415 Information Technology – Automatic Iden- minimum performance requirements for printed, pressure-
tification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code Print sensitive labels for use in extreme distribution environments.
Quality Test Specification – Two Dimensional Symbols In addition, standard laboratory test methods are provided to
ISO/IEC 15416 Information Technology – Automatic Iden- simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associ-
tification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code Print ated degradation of required performance characteristics. The
Quality Test Specification – Linear Symbols data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria
ISO/IEC 15426-1 Information Technology – Automatic between a supplier and customer.
Identification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code
4.2 The test methods described in this specification are
Verifier Conformance Specification – Part 1: Linear Sym-
performed on standard stainless steel test surface panels. If
bols
specified by the customer, another material may be used for test
ISO/IEC 15426-2 Information Technology – Automatic
surface panels in lieu of the standard stainless steel (see 10.3).
Identification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code
4.2.1 When a test surface panel other than stainless steel is
Verifier Conformance Specification – Part 2: Two-
specified, the customer shall also provide minimum acceptable
Dimensional Symbols
performance criteria which may differ from the values pro-
ANSI MH10.8.1 Linear Bar Code & 2-Dimensional Sym-
vided in Tables 2 and 3.
bols
4.3 Type I labels are intended for use on container outer
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
surfaces where direct contact with physical and environmental
spection by Attributes
factors is unavoidable. Material strength and resistance to
abrasion, sunlight, rain, extreme temperatures, chemicals, and
3. Terminology
other deteriorating environmental elements are required. Type
3.1 General definitions for packing and distribution envi-
I labels may be used on porous surfaces (Class 1) or non-
ronments are found in Terminology D996.
porous surfaces (Class 2).
3.2 Definitions:
4.4 Type II labels are intended for use on inner containers
3.2.1 porous—possessing or full of pores or openings that
where there will be a physical barrier to outside elements, such
permit solids, liquids, or gases to permeate or penetrate an
as an overpack. Since not all barriers are hermetically sealed,
outer surface or membrane.
material strength and resistance to abrasion, extreme
3.2.2 non-porous—possessing a non-permeable outer sur-
temperatures, and other deteriorating environmental elements
face or membrane that does not permit solids, liquids, or gases
are required. Type II labels may be used on porous surfaces
to penetrate an outer surface or membrane.
(Class 1) or non-porous surfaces (Class 2).
3.2.3 printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive label—the combi-
4.5 Type III labels are intended for applications not covered
nation of a release liner, pressure-sensitive adhesive, and
by Type I or II labels. The performance requirements and
facestock (face material) which has been printed with an
testing shall be tailored by the customer. Type III labels may be
image.
used on porous surfaces (Class 1) or non-porous surfaces
3.2.4 label sample—used to describe a facestock and its
(Class 2).
pressure-sensitive adhesive while still adhered to its release
liner only.
5. Classifications
3.2.5 test surface panel—used to describe the solid material
5.1 Type:
surface onto which the label samples are adhered for the
5.1.1 Type I—Heavy Duty.
purpose of testing (see 4.2).
5.1.2 Type II—Medium Duty.
3.2.6 label test specimen—used to describe a test surface
5.1.3 Type III—Custom requirements.
panel with a label sample applied by way of its pressure-
5.2 Classes:
sensitive adhesive.
5.2.1 Class 1—For use on porous surfaces.
5.2.2 Class 2—For use on non-porous surfaces.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Degradation of pressure-sensitive adhesive labels due to
6. Ordering Information
environmental and physical factors is a common occurrence
6.1 The inquiry or order shall include the following:
6.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue.
Copies of these documents are available at www.iso.org or www.ansi.org or 6.1.2 Type and Class required (see Section 5).
from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New
6.1.3 For Type III Labels—Required tests from Table 1 and
York, NY 10036.
minimum performance criteria for each.
A copy of this document is available Available from American Architectural
6.1.4 Label form (for example, in sheets, rolls, etc.).
Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550,
Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://www.aamanet.org.at www.mhi.org or from the
6.1.5 Individual label size.
Material Handling Industry, 8720 Red Oak Boulevard, Suite 201, Charlotte, NC
6.1.6 Printing requirements, as necessary.
28217-3992.
6.1.7 When testing and inspection certification is required
A copy of this document is available from American Society for Quality (ASQ),
600 North Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203. (see Section 13).
D7932 − 17 (2023)
TABLE 1 Minimum Number of Test Samples TABLE 2 Physical Property Requirements
Minimum Number of Test Samples Type I Type II
Reference Paragraph
Property Units
Test Method Type I Type II Class Class Class Class
1 2 1 2
Print Quality 5 5 11.2
Peel Adhesion 5 5 11.3 Thickness, max (mm) 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Thickness 5 5 11.4 (mils) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
Abrasion 15 15 11.5
High Temperature 5 5 11.6 Initial Adhesion, min (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
Low Temperature 5 5 11.7 (oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
Rain 5 Not Required 11.8
Salt Fog 5 Not Required 11.9 Abrasion resistance,
Blowing Dust 5 Not Required 11.10 minimum cycles
Humidity 5 5 11.11 to failure:
At low temperature
Freeze and Thaw 5 5 11.12
Accelerated Aging 5 5 11.13 (-67° F) 500 500 100 100
At ambient
Contamination by Fluids 40 Not Required 11.14
Solar Radiation 5 Not Required 11.15 temperature (73.4° F) 500 500 100 100
At high
temperature (140° F) 500 500 100 100
6.1.8 Acceptance quality limit and sample size code letter
Post-eposure
adhesion, min:
(see Section 9),
High temperature (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
6.1.9 Report requirements, as necessary (see Section 12).
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
6.1.10 Packing and marking requirements (see Section 15).
Low temperature (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
7. Physical Properties
Rain (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A
7.1 All labels shall comply with the requirements listed in
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A
Table 2 and Table 3 when tested in accordance with Section 11.
Salt fog (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Blowing dust (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A
8.1 All labels shall be uniformly constructed and free from
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A
defects that impair the usefulness of the label for the purpose
intended (see Section 4). The label adhesive coating shall be
Humidity (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
uniform, covering entirely the adhesive side of the label and
shall be mounted on a release liner. The adhesive shall be
Freeze and thaw (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
pressure-sensitive, water insoluble, and shall require no
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
moisture, heat, or other preparation prior to, or after, applica-
Accelerated aging (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
tion to clean, dry surfaces. The labels shall be furnished in the
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
form of individual labels, sheets, rolls, or as specified by the
Contamination by Fluids (N/100 mm) See Table 3 N/A N/A
customer. The label edges shall be clean, straight, unbroken,
(oz/in.) See Table 3 N/A N/A
and shall display no excessive bleeding of adhesive. The
finished product shall conform to the levels of quality estab-
lished herein.
the standard conditioning atmosphere described in Practice
9. Acceptance Criteria D4332 until equilibrium moisture content is achieved as
measured by weight.
9.1 First Article of Manufacture—When a product is first
10.2 Each requirement shall be tested in accordance with
manufactured in a plant, it shall be tested and inspected to
determine compliance with all examinations and tests of this the test methods listed in Section 11. The total test quantities
shall follow sequential testing as described in Figs. 1 and 2 for
specification by an independent laboratory. First article of
manufacture examinations need only be repeated when there is Type I and Type II labels, respectively. Unless otherwise noted
a change in materials or processes. in the applicable test method, tests shall be conducted in the
standard conditioning atmosphere described in Practice D4332.
9.2 Unless otherwise specified, the minimum number of
label test samples shall be as specified in Table 1, with an 10.3 Test Surface—Except for abrasion resistance, each test
acceptable quality limit (AQL) of 4.0 % in accordance with sequence, unless otherwise specified by the customer, shall be
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4. conducted on panels of stainless steel 302 or 304 in accordance
9.2.1 Prior to start of testing, the customer and supplier shall with Specification A666 having a bright-annealed finish. The
agree upon any increase to the sample size, if necessary, and stainless steel surface roughness height shall be 2.0 6 0.2-μin.
deviation to the acceptance quality limit (AQL) in accordance or 50 6 5-nm arithmetical average deviation from the mean
with ANSI/ASQZ Z1.4. line. Testing conducted on a stainless steel surface may not
provide meaningful performance results for various other
10. Procedures
materials. If specified by the customer, it is acceptable to use a
10.1 Unless otherwise specified, prior to label application, test surface other than the specified stainless steel (that is,
each label sample and test surface panel shall be conditioned in plastic, lumber, paperboard, etc.) to increase validi
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