ASTM C1331-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics with Broadband Pulse-Echo Cross-Correlation Method
Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics with Broadband Pulse-Echo Cross-Correlation Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The velocity measurements described in this practice may be used to characterize material variations that affect mechanical or physical properties. This procedure is useful for measuring variations in microstructural features such as grain structure, pore fractions, and density variations in monolithic ceramics.
4.2 Velocity measurements described herein can assess subtle variations in porosity within a given material or component, as, for example, in ceramic superconductors and structural ceramic specimens (2, 3).
4.3 In addition to ceramics and ceramic composites, the velocity measurements described herein may be applied to polycrystalline and single crystal metals, metal matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites.
4.4 An alternative technique for velocity measurement is given in Practice E494.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measurement of ultrasonic velocity in structural engineering solids such as monolithic ceramics, toughened ceramics, and ceramic matrix composites.
1.2 This practice is based on the broadband pulse-echo contact ultrasonic method. The procedure involves a computer-implemented, frequency-domain method for precise measurement of time delays between pairs of echoes returned by the back surface of a test sample or part.
1.3 This practice describes a procedure for using a digital cross-correlation algorithm for velocity measurement. The cross-correlation function yields a time delay between any two echo waveforms (1).2
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1331 − 18
Standard Practice for
Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics with
1
Broadband Pulse-Echo Cross-Correlation Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E494Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materi-
als
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measurement of
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
ultrasonic velocity in structural engineering solids such as
Testing
monolithic ceramics, toughened ceramics, and ceramic matrix
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
composites.
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
1.2 This practice is based on the broadband pulse-echo
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive
contactultrasonicmethod.Theprocedureinvolvesacomputer-
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
implemented, frequency-domain method for precise measure-
ANSI/ASNT CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
ment of time delays between pairs of echoes returned by the
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
back surface of a test sample or part.
2.3 ISO Document:
1.3 This practice describes a procedure for using a digital
ISO 9712Non-destrtuctive Testing–Qualification and Cer-
5
cross-correlation algorithm for velocity measurement. The
tification of NDT Personnel
cross-correlationfunctionyieldsatimedelaybetweenanytwo
2.4 Aerospace Industries Association Document:
2
echo waveforms (1).
NAS 410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
6
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Testing Personnel
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.5 Additional references are cited in the text and at end of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
this document.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 back surface—the surface of a test sample which is
2. Referenced Documents
opposite to the front surface and from which back surface
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
echoes are returned at normal incidence directly to the trans-
B311Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
ducer.
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
3.1.2 bandwidth—the frequency range of an ultrasonic
C373Test Methods for Determination of Water Absorption
probe, defined by convention as the difference between the
andAssociated Properties byVacuum Method for Pressed
lowerandupperfrequenciesatwhichthesignalamplitudeis6
Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles and Boil Method for
dB down from the frequency at which maximum signal
Extruded Ceramic Tiles and Non-tile Fired Ceramic
amplitude occurs.
Whiteware Products
3.1.3 broadband transducer—an ultrasonic transducer ca-
pableofsendingandreceivingundistortedsignalsoverabroad
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
bandwidth, consisting of a thin damped piezocrystal in a
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
buffered probe (search unit).
Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1331– 01 (2012).
4
DOI: 10.1520/C1331-18. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
this practice. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
6
Standardsvolume information,referto thestandard’sDocumentSummary page on AvailablefromAerospaceIndustriesAssociationofAmerica,Inc.,1250EyeSt.
the ASTM website. NW, Washington, DC, 2005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1331 − 18
3.1.4 buffered probe—anultrasonicsearchunitasdefinedin mechanical or phys
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1331 − 01 (Reapproved 2012) C1331 − 18
Standard Test Method Practice for
Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics with
1
Broadband Pulse-Echo Cross-Correlation Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method practice describes a procedure for measurement of ultrasonic velocity in structural engineering solids such
as monolithic ceramics, toughened ceramics, and ceramic matrix composites.
1.2 This test method practice is based on the broadband pulse-echo contact ultrasonic method. The procedure involves a
computer-implemented, frequency-domain method for precise measurement of time delays between pairs of echoes returned by
the back surface of a test sample or part.
1.3 This test method practice describes a procedure for using a digital cross-correlation algorithm for velocity measurement. The
2
cross-correlation function yields a time delay between any two echo waveforms (1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
C373 Test Methods for Determination of Water Absorption and Associated Properties by Vacuum Method for Pressed Ceramic
Tiles and Glass Tiles and Boil Method for Extruded Ceramic Tiles and Non-tile Fired Ceramic Whiteware Products
E494 Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
4
2.2 ASNT Document:Documents:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Military Standard:ISO Document:
MIL-STD-410ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification Non-destrtuctive Testing – Qualification and Certifi-
5
cation of NDT Personnel
2.4 Aerospace Industries Association Document:
6
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.5 Additional references are cited in the text and at end of this document.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2018. Published November 2012February 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as C1331– – 01 (2007).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/C1331-01R12.10.1520/C1331-18.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.practice.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil.International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
6
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 2005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1331 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 back surface—the surface of a test sample which is opposite to the front surface and from which back surface echoes
...
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