ASTM D1934-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Open-beaker oxidative aging methods have been used for many years in laboratories of insulating liquid companies, electrical equipment manufacturers, and electric utility companies interested in the stability of electrical insulating liquids under oxidative conditions. They are particularly useful as a check on the continuity of production and shipment of insulating liquids. They are also useful as process and product checks for applicable type insulating liquids.
5.2 Specification limits for insulating liquids subjected to open-beaker oxidative aging by this method are established by agreement between individual producers and consumers of applicable type insulating liquids. These properties of the insulating liquid involved in specification limits for aging stability may be measured after the oxidative aging (and sometimes before aging) by appropriate test methods such as Test Methods D924, D971, D1169, and D974 or D664. Other test methods such as D445 can be used when deemed appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for subjecting electrical insulating liquids to oxidative aging:
1.1.1 Procedure A, without a metal catalyst, and
1.1.2 Procedure B, with a metal catalyst.
1.2 This test method is applicable to insulating liquids used as impregnating or pressure media in electrical power transmission cables if less than 10 % of the insulating liquid evaporates during the aging procedures. It applies and is generally useful primarily in the evaluation and quality control of unused insulating liquids, either inhibited or uninhibited.
1.3 This test method is applicable to study the long-term behavior of an insulating liquid being considered for free breathing transformers. An unsealed vessel aging procedure, in presence of air or oxygen, allows greatly increased oxidation rate of the liquid. This procedure is rapid and provides a controlled thermal stress assessment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 An open beaked test shall only be carried out on liquids with flash points at or above 130°C or 15°C above the oven temperature. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.5 for a specific warning statement.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1934 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-
1
Beaker Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for subjecting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical insulating liquids to oxidative aging:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.1.1 Procedure A, without a metal catalyst, and
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1.2 Procedure B, with a metal catalyst.
ity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method is applicable to insulating liquids used
by Potentiometric Titration
as impregnating or pressure media in electrical power trans-
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
mission cables if less than 10 % of the insulating liquid
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
evaporates during the aging procedures. It applies and is
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
generally useful primarily in the evaluation and quality control
cal Insulating Liquids
of unused insulating liquids, either inhibited or uninhibited.
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Insulating
1.3 This test method is applicable to study the long-term
Liquids Against Water by the Ring Method
behavior of an insulating liquid being considered for free
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
breathing transformers.An unsealed vessel aging procedure, in
Indicator Titration
presence of air or oxygen, allows greatly increased oxidation
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
rate of the liquid. This procedure is rapid and provides a
Electrical Insulating Liquids
controlled thermal stress assessment.
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ventilation Ovens
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
only.
ASTM Test Methods
1.5 An open beaked test shall only be carried out on liquids
with flash points at or above 130°C or 15°C above the oven 3. Terminology
temperature. This standard does not purport to address all of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 metal catalyst—any metal (for example, copper) that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
eitherincreasestherateofoxidationoftheliquidorreactswith
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the oxidation products to increase insulating liquid dielectric
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loss.
See 7.5 for a specific warning statement.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.2 oxidative aging—exposure of insulating liquid to oxy-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- gen under certain specified conditions.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 A300 mLvolume of insulating liquid, contained in 400
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mL beaker is aged for 96 h in a circulating-air oven controlled
at 115°C, either with or without the presence of catalyst.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D27.06 on Chemical Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1934 – 95 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1934-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1934 − 20
5. Significance and Use means for oxidation of the liquid with or without a copper
catalyst. The approximate dimensions of a suitable beaker are
5.1 Open-beaker
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1934 − 95 (Reapproved 2012) D1934 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Petroleum Oils
1
Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for subjecting electrical insulating oilsliquids to oxidative aging:
1.1.1 Procedure A, without a metal catalyst, and
1.1.2 Procedure B, with a metal catalyst.
1.2 This test method is applicable to oils insulating liquids used as impregnating or pressure media in electrical power transmission
cables if less than 10 % of the oil insulating liquid evaporates during the aging procedures. It applies and is generally useful
primarily in the evaluation and quality control of unused oils, insulating liquids, either inhibited or uninhibited.
1.3 This test method is applicable to study the long-term behavior of an insulating liquid being considered for free breathing
transformers. An unsealed vessel aging procedure, in presence of air or oxygen, allows greatly increased oxidation rate of the
liquid. This procedure is rapid and provides a controlled thermal stress assessment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 An open beaked test shall only be carried out on liquids with flash points at or above 130°C or 15°C above the oven
temperature. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.5 for a specific warning statement.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.06
on Chemical Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2020. Published February 2012December 2020. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20052012
as D1934 – 95 (2005).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1934-95R12.10.1520/D1934-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1934 − 20
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical
Insulating Liquids
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Insulating Liquids Against Water by the Ring Method
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 metal catalyst—any metal (for example, copper) that either increases the rate of oxidation of the oilliquid or reacts with the
oxidation products to increase oil insulating liquid dielectric loss.
3.1.2 oxidative aging—exposure of oil insulating liquid to oxygen under certain specified conditions.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 300 mL volume of oil, insulating liquid, contained in 400 mL beaker is aged for
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.