ASTM B945-21

Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10-Type Tempers

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–type tempers. The equipment shall be used for billet preheating, extruding and quenching. Quenching methods may consist of, but are not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air, water spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof. Surveillance tests should include tensile properties for all material and metallographic examination to confirm that the elevated temperature shaping process has not resulted in eutectic melting or subsurface porosity from hydrogen diffusion. Specimens shall be sectioned in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion, polished to an appropriate fineness, mildly etched with an etchant such as Keller’s reagent to reveal any evidence of eutectic melting. Specimens shall also be subjected to tension and hardness tests. During the extrusion process, the following temperature measuring points should be monitored and controlled as per the producer’s internal procedures. The measuring points include but are not limited to: billet or log temperature in the heating equipment, billet or log temperature after heating and before charging into the extrusion press, temperature of the extrudate at the press exit, temperature of the extrudate at quench entry, temperature of the extrudate at the completion of quench, and billet temperature shall not exceed the maximum temperature for the alloy. Artificial aging shall be accomplished using times and temperatures as necessary to achieve required properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M).  
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the 6xxx and 7xxx alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M). It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive. For the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9-type tempers by extrusion press solution heat treatment, refer to Practice B807/B807M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
• Technical Committee: B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B07.03 - Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B945 − 21
Standard Practice for
Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated
Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5
1
and T10-Type Tempers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for
B647Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum
production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature
Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage
shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5
B648Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum
and T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M).
Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product
B807/B807MPractice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat
supplied in the 6xxx and 7xxx alloys shown in Table 1 in the
Treatment for Aluminum Alloys
T1, T2, T5 or T10-type tempers (seeANSI H35.1/H35.1M). It
B881Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
contains pertinent information to be used in establishing
Alloy Products
productionpracticesandisdescriptiveratherthanprescriptive.
B918Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum
For the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9-type tempers
Alloys
by extrusion press solution heat treatment, refer to Practice
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
B807/B807M.
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
terials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E2281Practice for Process Capability and Performance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Measurement
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.3 ANSI Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
H35.1/H35.1MAlloy and Temper Designation Systems for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3
Aluminum
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions—RefertoTerminologyB881forDefinitions
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of Product terms used in this specification.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Equipment
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Equipment includes billet preheating, extruding and quench-
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
ing.
date of material purchase form a part of this standard to the
4.1 Priortobeingextruded,aluminumalloysareheatedtoa
extent referenced herein:
temperature not to exceed the temperatures shown in Table 1.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
Usual heating methods include, but are not limited to,
induction, flame impingement, or forced air. Controls shall be
adequate to ensure that the equipment can be operated in a
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
manner which precludes metal overheating or deleterious
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on
contamination of the metal by the furnace environment.
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products.
4.1.1 Temperature control and recording devices used to
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as measure temperature shall be calibrated as specified in 5.2.
B945–06(2014).DOI: 10.1520/B0945-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAluminumAssociation, 1400 Crystal Dr., Suite 430,Arlington,
the ASTM website. VA 22202, http://www.aluminum.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B945 − 21
A
TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High Limit
5.4.1 Test Requirements:
Billet or Log
5.4.1.1 Surveillance tests of heating, extrusion, and quench
Alloy Temperature
facilities operated in accordance with documen
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B945 − 06 (Reapproved 2014) B945 − 21
Standard Practice for
Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated
Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5
1
and T10–TypeT10-Type Tempers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping
(extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–typeT10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).H35.1/H35.1M).
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the 6xxx and 7xxx alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5
or T10–type tempers. T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M). It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing
production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive. For the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9-type tempers by
extrusion press solution heat treatment, refer to Practice B807/B807M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase form a part of this standard to the extent
referenced herein:
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B647 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage
E648B648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceIndentation
Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor
B807/B807M Practice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloys
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Aluminum Alloy
Wrought Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2021. Published November 2014December 2021. Originally approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 20062014
as B945 – 06.B945 – 06 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/B0945-06R14.10.1520/B0945-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B945 − 21
A
TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High Limit
Billet or Log
Alloy Temperature
Upper °F
6005, 6005A, 6105, 6061, 6162, 6351 1050
6060, 6063, 6101, 6463, 6560 1060
7005, 7116, 7129 1000
A
TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High Limit
Billet or Log
Alloy Temperature
Upper °F
6060, 6360, 6560, 6063, 6463 1060
6005, 6005A, 6105, 6205, 6042, 6151, 6351, 6061, 6162, 1050
6082
7004, 7005 1060
7003, 7116, 7029, 7129 980
A
These upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due to
overheating, and include a safety factor of approximately 25°F.
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E2281 Practice for Process Capability and Performance Measurement
2.3 ANSI Standard:
3
H35.1H35.1/H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for Definitions of Product terms u
...