ASTM A275/A275M-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This standard does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this test method.
Note 1—Guide E 709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle examination shall conform to practice standards of Practice E 1444. If the requirements of this test method are in conflict with the requirements of Practice E 1444, the requirements of this test method shall prevail.
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; hterefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A 275/A 275M – 06
Standard Test Method for
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Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 275/A 275M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for magnetic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
can be based. This standard does not contain acceptance
standards or recommended quality levels.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
wave)currentshallbeusedastheelectricpowersourceforany
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permit-
E 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
ted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is
2.2 Other Document:
very limited and therefore unsuitable.
Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, Supplement
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are
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B-Magnetic Particle Method
outside the scope of this test method.
NOTE 1—Guide E 709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examina- 3. Terminology
tion in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from
3.1 Definitions:
steel forgings.
3.1.1 indication—the visual magnetic particle buildup re-
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle ex-
sulting from leakage fields in the magnetic field.
amination shall conform to practice standards of Practice
3.1.2 linear indication—an indication in which the length is
E 1444. If the requirements of this test method are in conflict
at least three times the width. The minimum length of
with the requirements of Practice E 1444, the requirements of 1
indications to be considered linear shall be ⁄16 in. [1.6 mm].
this test method shall prevail.
3.1.3 magnetic flux—the product of the magnetic induction
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifica-
and the area of a surface (or cross section) when the magnetic
tions are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units.
induction is uniformly distributed and normal to the plane of
However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” speci-
the surface. The concept that the magnetic field is flowing
fication designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished
along the lines of force suggests that these lines are therefore
to inch-pound units.
“flux” lines, and they are called magnetic flux.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.4 magnetic particle method of examination—a method
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
for detecting discontinuities on or near the surface in suitably
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
magnetized materials, which employs finely divided magnetic
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
particles that tend to congregate in regions of leakage fields.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.5 nonrelevant indications—indications produced by
with the standard.
leakage fields. However, the conditions causing them are
present by design or accident, or other features of the part
having no relation to the damaging flaws being sought. The
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
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A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 275/A 275M – 98 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2003). the ASTM website.
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Method
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 4153 Arlingate
SA-275/SA-275M in Section II of that Code. Plaza, Caller #28515, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
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