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ASTM D4371-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal

Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for determining the washability characteristics of coarse-coal fractions and fine-coal fractions. Each sample being tested can have more than one coarse-coal size fraction and more than one fine-coal size fraction (see Annex A1). Each such size fraction has an upper size limit and a lower size limit, neither of which overlaps with the next larger nor smaller size fraction. (See Test Method D 4749.)
1.2 While, in general, this test method has useful application in determining the washability characteristics of low-rank coals, in the strictest sense, it is not necessarily the most technically correct test method to determine washability characteristics of low-rank coals because of problems relative to the loss of moisture through drying during sample preparation and analysis. Methods that are directly applicable to low-rank coals are to be developed.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8 and Appendix X1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2006
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.07 - Physical Characteristics of Coal
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4371-91(1998) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D4371-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4596-22 - Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4749/D4749M-87(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of Coal and Designating Coal Size
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5192/D5192M-22 - Standard Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Referred By
ASTM D121-15 - Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006

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ASTM D4371-06 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4371 − 06
StandardTest Method for
1
Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
TheAmerican Society for Testing and Materials has recognized the need for a standard procedure
to conduct washability analyses that will serve as an aid to technical communication among
individuals and organizations that supply, purchase, and utilize coal. This test method standardizes
procedures utilized for performing washability analyses, the data from which can be used for
interpretingpreparationplantefficiency,fordeterminingpreparationplantdesign,andfordetermining
the potential recovery and quality of coal reserves.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes procedures for determining
D2013Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
the washability characteristics of coarse-coal fractions and
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
fine-coal fractions. Each sample being tested can have more
of Coal
than one coarse-coal size fraction and more than one fine-coal
D4749Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
size fraction (see Annex A1). Each such size fraction has an
Coal and Designating Coal Size
upper size limit and a lower size limit, neither of which
D6883Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal
overlaps with the next larger nor smaller size fraction. (See
from Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles
Test Method D4749.)
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
1.2 While,ingeneral,thistestmethodhasusefulapplication
Sieves
in determining the washability characteristics of low-rank
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
coals, in the strictest sense, it is not necessarily the most
E126Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verifica-
technically correct test method to determine washability char-
tion of ASTM Hydrometers
acteristicsoflow-rankcoalsbecauseofproblemsrelativetothe
E323Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
loss of moisture through drying during sample preparation and
Purposes
analysis.Methodsthataredirectlyapplicabletolow-rankcoals
are to be developed.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information 3.1.1 coal washability—the determination of the theoretical
limits for the removal of mineral impurities from coal by
only.
beneficiation processes that rely on specific gravity separa-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
tions.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.2.1 washability analysis of coal—the analysis of the
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
specific gravity distribution of chemical and physical charac-
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see
teristics of coal.
Section 8 and Appendix X1.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specific gravity
fractions are obtained by subjecting the material being studied
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
2
Characteristics of Coal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
published as approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4371–91(1998). DOI: 10.1520/D4371-06. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4371 − 06
to a series of solutions, each with a discrete specific gravity, solution of organic liquids adjusted to the required specific
thatcovertherangeofspecificgravitiesinquestion.Inthecase gravity. The suspension is stirred gently to assure that all
ofthewashabilityanalysisofcoal,thesesolutionsareobtained particles are allowed to either float or sink. The material that
bythemixingofvariousorganicliquidsthatarerelativelyinert floats on the solution is removed first, followed by the portion
toward the majority of coal types. The distribution, as deter- of sample that
...

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5.1 A compositional analysis of ash is used in describing the quality of coal for its complete characterization. Ash composition is useful in predicting slagging and fouling characteristics of combusted materials as well as the potential utilization of ash by-products.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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